{
  "id": "95-248",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "95-248",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 100543,
      "date": "1996-11-21",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T21:01:05.934941",
      "title": "Cuba: U.S. Economic Sanctions Through 1996",
      "summary": "This report first provides an overview of U.S.- Cuba relations and U.S. policy toward Cuba. It\nthen\nexamines the history and legislative and executive authorities of the various components of U.S.\nsanctions against Cuba, including aid, trade, and other restrictions through 1996.\n  U.S.-Cuba relations deteriorated sharply in the early 1960s when Fidel Castro began to build\na repressive communist dictatorship and moved his country toward close relations with the Soviet\nUnion. Since then, U.S. policy has consisted largely of isolating Cuba through a comprehensive\neconomic embargo. The often tense nature of the U.S.-Cuba relationship is illustrated by: the ill-\nfated April 1961 Bay of Pigs invasion; the October 1962 Cuban missile crisis; Cuba's support for\ninsurgencies and revolutionary governments abroad; the 1980s Mariel boatlift; the 1994 exodus of\nCubans to the United States; and Cuba's February 1996 shootdown of two U.S. civilian planes.\n  There was some movement toward normalization of relations in the 1970s, but Cuba's military\ninvolvement and support for revolution abroad impeded improved relations. Under the Reagan\nAdministration in the 1980s, U.S.-Cuba relations remained tense because of Cuba's military\ninvolvement in Africa and its increasing support for revolutionary movements and governments. \nIn the 1990s, the breakup of the Soviet Union effectively ended Cuba's client-state relationship with\nthat nation and resulted in rapid deterioration of the Cuban economy. As this deterioration was\ntaking place, Congress tightened sanctions on Cuba in 1992 through passage of the Cuban\nDemocracy Act, although this Act also included measures of support for the Cuban people. And\nCuba's action of shooting down two U.S. civilian planes in February 1996 prompted President\nClinton to support congressional approval of the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act, an\ninitiative containing additional sanctions on Cuba.\n  Since the early 1960s, the United States has imposed a range of economic sanctions on Cuba,\nthe most prominent of which is a comprehensive embargo prohibiting trade with Cuba. Other\nsanctions include a prohibition on U.S. bilateral assistance to Cuba, a prohibition on U.S. economic\nassistance to countries or international organizations and programs supporting Cuba, a prohibition\non U.S. arms sales or arms transfers to Cuba, a prohibition on Cuban sugar imports, and a\nprohibition on U.S. Export-Import Bank activities in Cuba. In addition, the Cuban Assets Control\nRegulations of the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control set forth detailed and\ncomprehensive restrictions on the blocking of Cuban assets in the United States and the transfer of\nassets to Cuba. The Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act of 1996 contains additional\npotential sanctions, including most prominently, a provision holding any person or government that\ntraffics in U.S. property confiscated by the Cuban government liable for monetary damages in U.S.\nfederal court.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/95-248",
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "American Law",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "Latin American Affairs",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}