{
  "id": "96-177",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "96-177",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 100570,
      "date": "1998-01-12",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:56:43.963941",
      "title": "Bosnia: Civil Implementation of the Peace Agreement",
      "summary": "The long and brutal war in Bosnia came to an end in December 1995 with the signing of the\nDayton\npeace agreement. The agreement paved the way for the deployment of a 55,000-strong NATO\nImplementation Force (IFOR) in Bosnia for one year. While IFOR's military tasks focused on\nkeeping the peace and providing for a secure environment, the implementation of many other civil\ntasks, coupled with an inflow of humanitarian and reconstruction aid, was seen as essential to\nbuilding a lasting peace in Bosnia. NATO deployed a smaller Stabilization Force (SFOR) in\nDecember 1996 in order to continue to provide a stable and secure environment for ongoing civil\npeace efforts. SFOR's mandate will expire in June 1998. NATO is expected to approve a successor\nforce to SFOR by March 1998, following President Clinton's announcement in December 1997 that\nU.S. will participate in a post-SFOR military presence in Bosnia. President Clinton stated that the\nmission of the new force should be tied to specific benchmarks in the peace implementation process. \n  Since Dayton, the civilian side of peace implementation has been challenged by the scope of\nthe tasks, and by the lack of commitment demonstrated by the Bosnian parties to various aspects of\nthe peace agreement. IFOR and SFOR have focused primarily on the military tasks of the peace\nagreements, but have also lent selected assistance to civilian agencies. Many international\norganizations have been involved with assisting with other aspects of the peace agreement. Many\ncountries and financial and development institutions have provided reconstruction assistance. \n  Two years of peace implementation have produced many positive results. IFOR and SFOR\nhave successfully carried out their missions. Agreements on confidence-building measures and arms\ncontrol were concluded and implemented. National and local elections were conducted peacefully\nand joint political institutions were created. Economic indicators have improved, especially in the\nFederation. On the negative side, ethnic divisions between the three Bosnian communities have not\nbeen overcome. All parties have resisted the resettlement of displaced persons and refugees and\nfreedom of movement across entity lines. Numerous human rights violations persist. Nationalist\nparties won dominant shares in the elections and some politicians have continued to advocate ethnic\nseparation. Over fifty indicted war criminals have remained at large, most notably the former\nBosnian Serb leaders Radovan Karadzic and General Ratko Mladic.\n  The international community and the Bosnian authorities have identified numerous priority\nareas, such as: building functioning governmental structures, furthering democratization and the\nprotection of human rights, reforming the police, encouraging economic growth, and fostering the\nreturn of refugees. The obligation to turn over indicted war criminals remains a key priority. Overall,\nmany international policymakers have determined that the progress made in Bosnia after two years\nis still not irreversible, and not at a point where peace in Bosnia is self-sustaining. This premise\nforms the basic justification for some form of continued international military force to remain in\nBosnia in order to provide a secure environment for continued peace consolidation efforts.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/96-177",
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          "images": null
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      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "European Affairs",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}