{
  "id": "96-518",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "96-518",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 100590,
      "date": "1996-06-06",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T21:02:24.764941",
      "title": "China's Rising Power: Alternative U.S. National Security Strategies -- Findings of a Seminar",
      "summary": "Although recent development of China's wealth and power poses opportunities as well as\nchallenges\nfor U.S. policy, participants at a CRS seminar on dealing with China's rise focused on the challenges. \nChina was seen as a very large, strategically located country undergoing rapid economic growth and\nsocial change, and ruled by authoritarian political leaders. Since the Maoist era, China has made\ngreat strides in conforming to many international norms, but a combination of rising Chinese power\nand nationalistic assertiveness has posed serious problems for: U.S. security interests in Asia; U.S.\nefforts to curb trafficking in technology for weapons of mass destruction and conventional weapons;\nU.S. support for a smooth running market based international economic systems; and U.S. backing\nof other international norms regarding human rights, environmental protection and other issues.\n  Seminar participants judged that historical experience suggests that the United States will be\nunable to reach any \"grand bargain\" or lasting solution to the China challenges. Rather, U.S. leaders\nwill need to devote continuous high-level policy attention, issue by issue, case by case, in order both\nto deter Chinese assertiveness and to encourage Chinese accommodation to prevailing international\npractice. In so doing, the U.S. would be ill served to rely solely on policies designed to moderate\nChinese assertiveness through accommodation and greater integration in world affairs. Although\nmany are hopeful about the positive changes that could come from China's economic modernization\nand social change, positive changes could be long in coming. As a result, seminar participants urged\nU.S. policymakers to establish U.S. national goals vis-a-vis China, and clearly defined negative and\npositive incentives that would prompt PRC behavior more compatible with U.S. interests. At the\nsame time, a U.S. policy of containment against China was seen as both premature and unworkable.\n  An effective U.S. strategy toward China needed to be seen in the context of a broader U.S.\nstrategy in Asia -- one seen to include a strong U.S. military, economic and political presence, and\nrequiring some degree of cooperation from important U.S. allies and friends in the region. \nRecommendations for U.S. policy focused on establishing a clear set of priorities that take account\nof U.S. interests along with Chinese concerns and those of U.S. allies, associates and other interested\nthird parties, especially in Asia. To formulate these policy priorities, and to help to insure that they\nare met, requires careful and consistent high-level U.S. policy attention, including regular U.S.-PRC\nsummit meetings. The fact that such meetings give considerable prestige to PRC leaders seen as\nillegitimate by many Americans posed perhaps an immediate dilemma for sustained U.S. efforts to\ndeal with the rise of China.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/96-518",
          "sha1": "3a556dcb059a6746138affc0f625cd9a7b828cf4",
          "filename": "files/19960606_96-518_3a556dcb059a6746138affc0f625cd9a7b828cf4.pdf",
          "images": null
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/19960606_96-518_3a556dcb059a6746138affc0f625cd9a7b828cf4.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}