{
  "id": "97-141",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "97-141",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 100631,
      "date": "2003-01-30",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-08T14:54:25.862544",
      "title": "Drug Smuggling, Drug Dealing and Drug Abuse: Background and Overview of the Sanctions Under the Federal Controlled Substances Act and Related Statutes",
      "summary": "This is a brief sketch of the death penalty, terms of imprisonment, fines, sentencing guidelines,\nforfeitures, civil penalties and other sanctions associated with the proscriptions of the federal\nControlled Substances Act and related statutes. The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) assigns\nvarious plants, drugs and chemicals to one of five schedules and authorizes the Attorney General to\nadd or reassign substances to the schedules according to the risks they represented and medical\nbenefits they provided. Those who wish to manufacture, distribute or dispense controlled \nsubstances must be registered with the Attorney General. The Attorney General is authorized to\nregulate registrants' business in controlled substances including establishing production quotas for\nschedule I and II controlled substances. \n  Within this basic scheme, the CSA and its offspring attack substance abuse and commerce in\nsubstance abuse at four levels: the unlawful possession, production, or distribution of drugs, and\nlaundering of the proceeds the illicit traffic generates. A few CSA violations are capital offenses,\nbut most carry heavy fines and long terms of imprisonment instead. Within the maximums and\nminimums established by Congress, the federal sentencing guidelines determine the sentences meted\nout as punishment for most federal crimes. The guidelines system is essentially a scorecard system. \nForfeiture is a particularly prevalent feature of the federal anti-drug law enforcement efforts. Illicit\ncontrolled substances, the proceeds from drug trafficking, any property that can be traced to such\nproceeds, and any property used to facilitate drug trafficking can be confiscated under federal\nforfeiture laws. Civil penalties, the loss of federal benefits, injunctions and revocation of probation\nmay also attend controlled substance offenses.\n  It includes a chart of the penalties for crimes involving: heroin; cocaine; crack, PCP; LSD,\nmarihuana (marijuana); amphetamine; methamphetamine; listed (precursor) chemicals;\nparaphernalia; date rape drugs, rave drugs; designer drugs; ecstasy; drug kingpins; as well as the\nother substances including narcotics and opiates assigned to Schedule I, Schedule II, Schedule III,\nSchedule IV, and Schedule V of the Controlled Substances Act and the Controlled Substances\nImport and Export Act (Title II and Title III of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse and Control Act);\ndrug trafficking; illicit drug import and export; recalcitrant drug smugglers; maritime drug law\nenforcement; environmental damage from illegal manufacturing; booby traps on federal lands;\nregulatory offenses; communications-related offenses; simple possession; attempt and conspiracy;\ndrug dealing at truck stops; continuing criminal enterprises (CCE); investment of illicit drug profits;\ndistribution to infants, minors, children, juveniles, and those under 18 years of age; distribution to\npregnant women, trafficking in school zones; racketeering (RICO); Travel Act; armed career\ncriminals); three strikes; money laundering; currency transaction reporting (smurfing); financial\ntransactions with designated foreign narcotics traffickers; and sundry tax offenses.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/97-141",
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          "images": null
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      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "American Law"
  ]
}