{
  "id": "97-391",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "97-391",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 100656,
      "date": "2000-08-10",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:34:20.397941",
      "title": "China: Ballistic and Cruise Missiles",
      "summary": "The People's Republic of China (PRC) is believed to have deployed a nuclear-armed missile\nforce\nof over 100 nuclear warheads, with additional warheads in storage. Deployed in the People's\nLiberation Army (PLA)'s Second Artillery, the nuclear-armed ballistic missiles currently launch\nsingle warheads. China's nuclear-armed missile force is deployed with about 25 launchers for the\nlimited-range DF-4 intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), about 25 launchers for the long-range\nDF-5A ICBM, about 40 launchers for the older DF-3A medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM), and\nabout 50 launchers for the mobile, solid-fuel DF-21 MRBM. (There may be multiple missiles that\ncould be re-loaded to some of the launchers.) Most of the PLA's ICBMs are believed to be targeted\nat U.S. cities as part of the PRC's second-strike, counter-value, minimum deterrence doctrine,\nofficially declared as the \"no first use\" policy. In April 1999, President Clinton stated that the PRC\nhas fewer than two dozen long-range nuclear weapons, compared to 6,000 in the U.S. arsenal. \n  China's program to deploy the JL-1 submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) on a Xia-class\n nuclear ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) is not yet successful. In the future, the PLA plans\nto deploy after 2000 or 2005 the new, more survivable and reliable DF-31 ICBM with a lighter\nwarhead and the JL-2 SLBM on the new Type 094 SSBN. The DF-31, China's first land-mobile,\nsolid-fuel ICBM, was first tested in August 1999. In addition, China plans to deploy the land-\nmobile, longer-range DF-41 ICBM, perhaps after 2010.\n  There are also hundreds of increasingly accurate and mobile DF-21A MRBMs and M-9, M-11,\nand M-7 short-range ballistic missiles for theater operations, likely armed with conventional\nwarheads. Since the mid-1990s, the PLA's dramatic build-up and launches (in 1995-96) of theater\nmissiles have already spurred calls for meeting Taiwan's missile defense needs. In March 2000,\nAdmiral Dennis Blair, Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Command, publicly confirmed that the\nPLA has deployed about 200 ballistic missiles against Taiwan and is adding 50 more a year.\n  The PLA's cruise missiles have ranges up to 200 km. (125 mi.), and of these, the HY-3 and the\nSS-N-22 Sunburn (that Russia supplied in 2000) are supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles. However,\nChina is reportedly developing longer-range, land attack cruise missiles (LACMs). In 1997, the\nDepartment of Defense reported that China has placed priority on developing LACMs \"for theater\nwarfighting and strategic attack.\" China's emphasis on its own LACM programs reportedly has been\ninfluenced by the U.S. military's success in using Tomahawk missiles for precision strikes during\nthe 1991 Persian Gulf War and in conflicts since that war.\n  While clearly modernizing and expanding its ballistic and cruise missile forces, however, it is\nuncertain whether China will substantially build up its currently limited strategic ICBM forces. In\n1999, the intelligence community predicted that, by 2015, the PLA is likely to have \"a few tens\" of\nmissiles with smaller nuclear warheads (partly benefitting from stolen U.S. technology) that are\ncapable of targeting the United States. The question remains whether the PRC would further expand\nits strategic force to dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of nuclear warheads.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}