{
  "id": "97-618",
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      "title": "The Use of Labor Union Dues For Political Purposes: A Legal Analysis",
      "summary": "Under union shop agreements, labor unions must establish strict safeguards and procedures for ensuring that non-members\u2019 dues are not used to support certain political and ideological activities that are outside the scope of normal collective bargaining activities. The \u201cunion shop\u201d or \u201cagency shop\u201d agreement essentially provides that employees do not have to join the union, but must support the union in order to retain employment by paying dues to defray the costs of collective bargaining, contract administration, and grievance matters.\nIn a line of decisions, the Supreme Court has addressed this issue and has concluded that compulsory union dues of non-members may not be used for political and ideological activities that are outside the scope of the unions\u2019 collective bargaining and labor-management duties when non-members object to such use. Seven Supreme Court decisions have held that union dues exacted from dissenting non-members may not to be used for political and ideological purposes and must be expeditiously refunded to dissenting non-members according to proper procedural safeguards: (1) International Association of Machinists v. Street, 367 U.S. 740 (1961); (2) Railway Clerks v. Allen, 373 U.S. 113 (1963); (3) Abood v. District Board of Education, 431 U.S. 209 (1977); (4) Ellis v. Brotherhood of Railway Clerks, 466 U.S. 435 (1984); (5) Chicago Teachers Union v. Hudson, 475 U.S. 292 (1986); (6) Communications Workers of America v. Beck, 487 U.S. 735 (1988); and Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Association, 500 U.S. 507 (1991).",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807097/",
      "id": "97-618_1997Jun02",
      "date": "1997-06-02",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "The Use Of Union Dues For Political Purposes: A Legal Analysis",
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  "topics": [
    "American Law"
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}