{ "id": "98-174", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "98-174", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 105057, "date": "2002-10-22", "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:03:09.105941", "title": "Mexican Drug Certification Issues: U.S. Congressional Action, 1986-2002", "summary": "Beginning in 1986, Congress required the President to certify annually, subject to congressional\nreview, that drug producing or drug transit countries had cooperated fully with the United States in\ndrug control efforts to avoid a series of aid and trade sanctions. Mexico has been fully certified each\nyear, but Congress closely monitored these certification decisions and submitted resolutions of\ndisapproval in some years.\n In 1987 and 1988, Congress took some initial steps on resolutions to disapprove the\ncertification of Mexico, and, in 1989 and 1996, it passed some drug-related restrictions on Mexico. \nIn 1997, congressional efforts to overturn the President's certification of Mexico advanced the\nfurthest when both houses passed separate resolutions of disapproval, and President Clinton\nprovided additional reports on Mexican and U.S. efforts in specified areas in compliance with the\nSenate-passed version. In 1998, resolutions of disapproval were introduced in both houses, but\n S.J.Res. 42 was defeated by a vote of 45 to 54 in the Senate, and no floor action was\ntaken in the House. In 1999, resolutions of disapproval were introduced in the House, but no action\nwas taken, and no resolutions of disapproval were introduced in the Senate. \n In 2000, despite some congressional criticism, no resolutions of disapproval were introduced\nin either house to overturn the presidential certification of Mexico. Following the mid-year election\nof opposition candidate Vicente Fox as President of Mexico, measures were introduced but not\npassed to exempt Mexico from the drug certification requirements in FY2001.\n In 2001, no resolutions of disapproval were introduced in either house, and the Senate Foreign\nRelations Committee reported out two measures ( S. 219 and S. 1401 ) that\nwould have modified the certification requirements for three years. By the end of the year, the only\nmeasure that passed was the Foreign Operations Appropriations for FY2002 ( H.R. 2506 / P.L. 107-115 ) that waived the drug certification requirements for FY2002 only, but required\nthe President, with some waiver authority, to designate and withhold assistance from the worst\noffending countries that had failed demonstrably to adhere to international counter-narcotics\nagreements.\n In 2002, both houses passed the Foreign Relations Authorization for FY2003 ( H.R. 1646 / P.L. 107-228 ) that permanently modified the drug certification requirements. Section 706\nrequires the President, with some waiver authority, to designate and withhold assistance from the\nworst offending countries that have \"failed demonstrably\" to make substantial counter-narcotics\nefforts. At the same time, it permits the President to use his discretion to withhold assistance and\napply previous sanctions against countries that are failing to cooperate fully with the United States\nin counter-narcotics efforts whenever he determines that such actions would be helpful.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/98-174", "sha1": "cc904b554c72360c33be690bee5d87e318aeba65", "filename": "files/20021022_98-174_cc904b554c72360c33be690bee5d87e318aeba65.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/98-174", "sha1": "b856f52e2c9088c5f066a80e48ef2aebd4cd180f", "filename": "files/20021022_98-174_b856f52e2c9088c5f066a80e48ef2aebd4cd180f.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc812817/", "id": "98-174_2002Jan14", "date": "2002-01-14", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Mexican Drug Certification Issues: U.S. Congressional Action, 1986-2001", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20020114_98-174_87ec975270ed579e91e97302105a56b75cddda3a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20020114_98-174_87ec975270ed579e91e97302105a56b75cddda3a.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820414/", "id": "98-174_2002Jan08", "date": "2002-01-08", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Mexican Drug Certification Issues: U.S. Congressional Action, 1986-2001", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20020108_98-174_1eb5001f1847357589f7ddfba869c85a2982e2bb.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20020108_98-174_1eb5001f1847357589f7ddfba869c85a2982e2bb.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc810295/", "id": "98-174_1998Apr09", "date": "1998-04-09", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Mexican Drug Certification Issues: U.S. Congressional Action, 1986-1998", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/19980409_98-174_ef1ef15ab5dfd8926b59d45d49766ce7c68a14c2.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/19980409_98-174_ef1ef15ab5dfd8926b59d45d49766ce7c68a14c2.html" } ], "topics": [] } ], "topics": [ "Appropriations", "Foreign Affairs" ] }