{
  "id": "98-211",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "98-211",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 104862,
      "date": "1998-11-02",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:49:38.309941",
      "title": "Appropriations for FY1999: Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs",
      "summary": "The annual Foreign Operations appropriations bill is the primary legislative vehicle through\nwhich\nCongress reviews the U.S. foreign aid budget and influences executive branch foreign policy making\ngenerally. It contains the largest share -- over two-thirds -- of total U.S. international affairs\nspending. For Foreign Operations programs, President Clinton sought $13.6 billion in discretionary\nbudget authority for FY1999, nearly $800 million, or 6% higher than available for FY1998. But\nunlike a year ago, when the President concentrated most of the added funds requested on a few high\npriority areas, the FY1999 request asked for increases across a wide array of Foreign Operations\nprograms, including export promotion agencies, development assistance, debt reduction initiatives,\nthe Peace Corps, drug control aid, arrearage payments for multilateral development banks, and\nothers. Israel, Egypt, Russia, Ukraine, and Bosnia would be the largest recipients of bilateral aid,\nas has been the case in the recent past. Beyond these regular Foreign Operations programs, the\nPresident also sought $17.9 billion for U.S. contributions to two IMF facilities and $502 million for\nU.S. arreage payments to multilateral development banks.\n  In addition to funding questions, the Foreign Operations debate also included important policy\nissues, such as priorities of development aid strategies, abortion restrictions on international family\nplanning programs, adjusting Middle East aid allocations, policy restrictions on aid to Russia and\nUkraine, and the use of American assistance as a tool in the Armenian-Azerbaijan dispute over\nNagorno-Karabakh.\n  Foreign Operations is one of eight appropriation bills incorporated and enacted in\n H.R. 4238 , the Omnibus Consolidated and Emergency Supplemental Appropriations\nAct, 1999. As passed on October 20/21,  H.R. 4328  includes $12.827 billion for\ndiscretionary Foreign Operations. In addition, the omnibus bill includes $539 million to clear U.S.\narrears at multilateral development banks, $399 million in \"emergency\" Foreign Operations\nsupplementals, and $17.9 billion for the IMF, funds that are  not  \"scored\" against the\nForeign\nOperations budget cap, but which provide additional resources for U.S. foreign aid activities. In\ntotal,  H.R. 4328  provides $31.63 billion for Foreign Operations in FY1999.\n  Although this still falls about $385 million below the President's request, it provides a\nsubstantial increase from what the House and Senate had approved in bills ( H.R. 4569 \nand  S. 2334 ) passed in September. Senior executive branch officials had advised the\nPresident to veto these earlier measures because of inadequate funding. Compared with the Senate-\npassed bill, the higher of the two, budget negotiations between congressional leaders and the White\nHouse during the final days of the 105th Congress resulted in $880 million more for Foreign\nOperations in FY1999. Much of the additional money included in  H.R. 4328  is\nallocated for former Soviet aid, USAID operating expenses, disaster relief, the Peace Corps and U.S.\ncontributions to the Global Environment Facility. The bill caps international family planning aid at\n$385 million, but drops House-passed abortion restrictions. The enacted legislation also initiates a\nten year process to phase out economic aid to Israel and trim by half Egypt's aid, reducing total\ncombined assistance for FY1999 by $100 million to just over $5 billion.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Appropriations",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}