{
  "id": "98-235",
  "type": "CRS Report",
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      "id": 105084,
      "date": "2003-08-15",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-08T14:39:47.542544",
      "title": "Global Climate Change: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions -- Status, Trends, and Projections",
      "summary": "This report reviews U.S. emissions of greenhouse gases in the contexts both of domestic policy\nand\nof international obligations and proposals. On October 15, 1992, the United States ratified the\nUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which entered into force\non March 21, 1994. This committed the United States to \"national policies\" to limit \"its\nanthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases,\" with a voluntary goal of returning \"emissions of\ncarbon dioxide [CO2] and other greenhouse gases [methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O),\nhydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)]\" at the \"end\nof the decade\" to \"their 1990 levels.\" \n  Subsequently, in the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC, the United States participated in\nnegotiations that ended with agreement on further reductions that could become legally binding. The\nUnited States signed the Kyoto Protocol in 1998, but President Clinton did not send it to the Senate\nfor advice and consent. President Bush has said that he rejects the Protocol, and former U.S.\nEnvironmental Protection Agency Administrator Christine Todd Whitman told reporters that the\nAdministration would not be pursuing the UNFCCC commitment either. Instead, President Bush\nhas proposed to shift the nation's climate change program from a goal of reducing emissions per se\nto a goal of reducing energy intensity -- the amount of greenhouse gases emitted per unit of economic\nproductivity. Under the proposal, the intensity, which has been declining for a number of years,\nwould decline 18% between 2002 and 2012, as opposed to a 14% projected \"business as usual\"\ndecline.\n  Meanwhile, the UNFCCC \"end of the decade\" deadline has passed and U.S. greenhouse gas\nemissions continue on an upward trend, though with dips in 1991 and in 2001, attributed mostly to\neconomic slowdowns. Based on historical data, 2001 emissions were about 13% in excess of the\nUNFCCC goal. Overall, from 1990 to 2001, U.S. greenhouse gas emissions (weighted by global\nwarming potential) have increased an average of about 1.1% per year. Projections suggest that U.S.\nemissions will continue to rise for at least the next decade. Reversing the upward trend in\ngreenhouse gas emissions would represent an extraordinary technical and political challenge to U.S.\nenergy and environmental policy.\n  This report will be updated as necessary.",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc819293/",
      "id": "98-235_2002Mar12",
      "date": "2002-03-12",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Global Climate Change: U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions \u2014 Status, Trends, and Projections",
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      "type": "CRS Report",
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}