{
  "id": "98-677",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "98-677",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 105201,
      "date": "1998-08-10",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:52:56.030941",
      "title": "Indonesia: U.S. Relations With the Indonesian Military",
      "summary": "Differences between the U.S. executive branch and Congress over U.S. policies toward the\nIndonesian military have persisted since the early 1960s. In the early 1960s, Indonesian policies\nunder President Sukarno, including aggression against neighboring countries and a political alliance\nwith the Indonesian Communist Party, led Congress to cut military and economic aid to Indonesia. \nThe Kennedy Administration opposed this action. In the late 1970s, the policies of the Indonesian\nmilitary in East Timor drew criticism from U.S. human rights groups and Members of Congress, who \naccused the military of violating the human rights of the people of East Timor. The Carter\nAdministration, on the other hand, sought to deal with the issues of East Timor and political\nprisoners through dialogue with the Indonesian government and military. \n  From these episodes until the present, the executive branch has believed that good relations\nwith the Indonesian military are necessary to promote U.S. strategic interests, especially U.S. naval\naccess to the Indonesian straits connecting the Pacific and Indian oceans. Executive branch officials\nalso argue that the United States needs close contacts with the military in order to influence\nIndonesia's political evolution. Critics in Congress, conversely, argue that the United States should\ndeal with the Indonesian military on the basis of the day to day actions of the military and should\npenalize the military when its actions violate human rights or jeopardize U.S. interests in other ways. \nIn the 1990s, new differences arose between Congress and the Bush and Clinton Administration\nover the Indonesian military's massacre of civilians in East Timor in November 1991. Congress\npushed for terminating U.S. military training of Indonesian military personnel and greater limits on\narms sales to Indonesia. The Clinton Administration took an initial cautious approach to the role of\nthe military in Indonesia's economic-political crisis of 1998, but reports of new human rights\nviolations led it take several actions to pressure the military, including suspension of training\nexercises. Some Members of Congress had criticized the Administration for continuing the training.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/98-677",
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Asian Affairs",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}