{
  "id": "98-690",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "98-690",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 103811,
      "date": "1998-08-18",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:52:31.618941",
      "title": "Line Item Veto Act Unconstitutional: Clinton v. City of New York",
      "summary": "On June 25, 1998, the United States Supreme Court in  Clinton, et al.  v. C ity\nof New York, et al.,  held\nthat the Line Item Veto Act, violated the Presentment Clause of the Constitution. The Clause\nrequires that every bill which has passed the House and Senate before becoming law must be\npresented to the President for approval or veto, but is silent on whether the President may amend or\nrepeal provisions of bills that have passed the House and Senate in identical form. The Court\ninterpreted silence on this issue as equivalent to an express prohibition.\n The Court concluded that the Line Item Veto Act unconstitutionally empowered the President\nunilaterally to repeal or amend provisions of duly enacted bills. Nonvetoed items that emerged as\nlaw were truncated versions of bills that passed both Houses of Congress, but not the product of the\nfinely wrought procedure for lawmaking designed by the Framers of the Constitution. For\nbackground information on the line item veto issue,  see  the  Guide to CRS\nProducts  under Budgets-Process. This report will not be updated.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/98-690",
          "sha1": "4ecab2d7580157139b566e1418a8385b444eda82",
          "filename": "files/19980818_98-690_4ecab2d7580157139b566e1418a8385b444eda82.pdf",
          "images": null
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/19980818_98-690_4ecab2d7580157139b566e1418a8385b444eda82.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "American Law",
    "Constitutional Questions"
  ]
}