{
  "id": "IN10676",
  "type": "CRS Insight",
  "typeId": "INSIGHTS",
  "number": "IN10676",
  "active": true,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 460077,
      "date": "2017-03-30",
      "retrieved": "2017-03-31T18:54:01.776655",
      "title": "President\u2019s Budget Blueprint Seeks Changes for Public Health Service Agencies",
      "summary": "The White House has released a \u201cbudget blueprint\u201d that outlines President Trump\u2019s priorities for funding the federal government in FY2018. The document covers only discretionary spending, which is controlled through the annual appropriations process. It does not address mandatory spending\u2014including spending on entitlement programs such as Medicare and Social Security\u2014or interest payments on the federal debt. The complete FY2018 budget is expected to be released in May.\nAlthough the budget blueprint provides limited details on the agency, account, or program level, it indicates Trump Administration support for billions of dollars in cuts to government agencies to counterbalance increases in military and national security spending. The blueprint includes several recommendations that would make significant changes to the budget and operations of the Public Health Service (PHS) agencies within the Department of Health and Human Services.\nResearch\nThe budget blueprint proposes reducing National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for biomedical and behavioral research by $5.8 billion from the annualized FY2017 level to $25.9 billion. While no other details are provided, this would appear to return NIH\u2019s funding in real (i.e., inflation-adjusted) terms to the levels of the late 1990s. The blueprint also calls for a \u201cmajor reorganization of NIH\u2019s Institutes and Centers to help focus resources on the highest priority research\u201d and \u201cother consolidation and structural changes.\u201d\nThe NIH proposal contrasts with recent legislative actions to increase NIH\u2019s budget after several years of gradually declining funding. Lawmakers increased NIH\u2019s annual appropriation for FY2016 by $2 billion over the FY2015 level. In addition, the newly enacted 21st Century Cures Act established the NIH Innovation Account and authorized annual transfers to the fund over a 10-year period totaling $4.8 billion. Each year, funds in the Innovation Account are available to be appropriated to help support the Precision Medicine Initiative, the BRAIN initiative, cancer research, and the use of adult stem cells in regenerative medicine. The blueprint does not mention these or other specific research areas.\nThe blueprint also proposes consolidating the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) within NIH. AHRQ funds\u2014and disseminates the findings of\u2014research to improve the safety, quality, and affordability of health care. Its budget is about 1% of NIH\u2019s budget. Appropriators have recommended eliminating funding for AHRQ, saying that the agency\u2019s work overlaps with research supported by NIH and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund (PCORTF). Supporters of AHRQ argue that the agency has a distinct mission and that its research portfolio focuses on different questions. \nAHRQ\u2019s discretionary funding has declined in recent years, though this has been offset by the annual transfer of PCORTF funds to the agency. Each year, AHRQ receives a portion of the PCORTF funding, which it uses to disseminate and implement the findings of comparative clinical effectiveness research funded by the PCORTF. \nPublic Health\nThe budget blueprint proposes a new fund\u2014the Federal Emergency Response Fund\u2014to help the government respond rapidly to disease outbreaks such as Zika and Ebola. Public health officials advocated for such a fund last year during the protracted debate over approving emergency Zika funding. The blueprint does not specify the source of funds, the amounts to become available, or the HHS official(s) responsible for administering the fund.\nThe blueprint says there will be reforms of \u201ckey public health, emergency preparedness, and prevention programs,\u201d many of which are administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and a restructuring of \u201csimilar HHS preparedness grants to reduce overlap and administrative costs.\u201d No additional details are provided. It also proposes a new $500 million CDC block grant for states to address public health challenges, but it does not specify whether these funds would come from CDC\u2019s existing budget.\nMedical Product Regulation\nThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is funded by a combination of annual appropriations action and user fees, which the agency collects from manufacturers of certain FDA-regulated products. The amount of user fees FDA collects has increased over the past 25 years, both in absolute terms and as a share of its overall budget. User fees now account for 43% of FDA\u2019s funding.\nThe budget blueprint includes a proposal that FDA\u2019s medical product user fees be increased in FY2018 to \u201cover $2 billion\u201d from the current level of about $1.4 billion, and \u201creplac[e] the need for new budget authority to cover pre-market review costs.\u201d Congress is gearing up to consider another five-year reauthorization of FDA\u2019s medical product user fee programs based on new and, in general, larger fee amounts negotiated by FDA and the drug and medical device industries. Any user fee proposal in the budget that goes beyond the amounts that have already been agreed to may require further negotiation with the industry.\nHealth Care Services\nThe budget blueprint supports safety net providers that \u201cdeliver critical health care services to low-income and vulnerable populations.\u201d It cites as examples of such programs, the federal health centers program and the Ryan White HIV/AIDS program\u2014both of which are administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)\u2014as well as the Indian Health Service. While the blueprint proposes continued funding for these \u201chighest priority\u201d programs, as well as supporting the National Health Service Corps, it proposes a $403 million cut to HRSA\u2019s health professions and nursing education and training programs.\nCongress once again is considering extending funding for the ACA\u2019s Community Health Center Fund (CHCF), which gives HRSA additional funds for the health centers program and the NHSC. CHCF funding ends this year under current law.\nThe blueprint includes a \u201c$500 million increase above [FY]2016 enacted levels\u201d for opioid abuse prevention and treatment programs administered by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The 21st Century Cures Act authorized $500 million to be appropriated for each of FY2017 and FY2018 for state grants to address the opioid abuse crisis. The second continuing resolution, under which most of the government is currently operating, appropriated $500 million for FY2017 pursuant to this authority. The blueprint proposal does not indicate whether it would be additional funding above this level.",
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