{
  "id": "R40175",
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  "number": "R40175",
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  "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
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      "title": "Offshore Wind Energy Development: Legal Framework",
      "retrieved": "2023-04-06T04:03:48.364125",
      "id": "R40175_17_2023-02-28",
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      "type": "CRS Report"
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      "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov",
      "title": "Offshore Wind Energy Development: Legal Framework",
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      "id": 437174,
      "date": "2015-01-13",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-06T19:41:16.147379",
      "title": "Wind Energy: Offshore Permitting",
      "summary": "Technological advancement, financial incentives, and policy concerns have driven a global expansion in the development of renewable energy resources. Wind energy, in particular, is often cited as one of the fastest-growing commercial energy sources in the world. Currently, all U.S. wind energy facilities are based on land. However, multiple offshore projects have been proposed and are at various stages of the federal permitting process.\nThe United States has the authority to permit and regulate offshore wind energy development within the zones of the oceans under its jurisdiction. The federal government and coastal states each have roles in the permitting process, the extents of which depend on whether the project is located in state or federal waters. Currently, no single federal agency has exclusive responsibility for permitting related to activities on submerged lands in federal waters; authority is allocated among various agencies based on the nature of the resource to be exploited and the potential impacts incidental to such exploitation. The same is true for the offshore wind energy context, where several federal agencies have a role to play in permitting development and operation activities.\nSection 388 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct; P.L. 109-58) amended the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA) to address previous uncertainties regarding offshore wind projects. This provision retained a role for the Army Corps of Engineers in permitting under the Rivers and Harbors Act but grants ultimate authority over offshore wind energy development to the Secretary of the Interior. The statutory authority granted by Section 388 is administered by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), an agency within the Department of the Interior (DOI). Since the passage of EPAct, BOEM has promulgated rules and guidelines governing the permitting and operation of offshore wind facilities.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 2061,
          "name": "Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency"
        },
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 315,
          "name": "Ocean and Coastal Resources"
        },
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4402,
          "name": "Energy Law and Policy"
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          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4425,
          "name": "Sustainability Law and Policy"
        }
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811006/",
      "id": "R40175_2012Oct17",
      "date": "2012-10-17",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Wind Energy: Offshore Permitting",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc806803/",
      "id": "R40175_2010Aug11",
      "date": "2010-08-11",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Wind Energy: Offshore Permitting",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
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      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815185/",
      "id": "R40175_2009Sep03",
      "date": "2009-09-03",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Wind Energy: Offshore Permitting",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795637/",
      "id": "R40175_2009Jan29",
      "date": "2009-01-29",
      "retrieved": "2016-01-13T14:26:20",
      "title": "Wind Energy: Offshore Permitting",
      "summary": "This report will discuss the disputes over Corps jurisdiction prior to enactment of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 as well as the current law applicable to siting offshore wind facilities.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Wind power",
          "name": "Wind power"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Alternative energy sources",
          "name": "Alternative energy sources"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Energy policy",
          "name": "Energy policy"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Energy Policy",
    "Environmental Policy"
  ]
}