{ "id": "R40212", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "R40212", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 452632, "date": "2016-05-16", "retrieved": "2016-10-17T20:01:18.512661", "title": "Early Childhood Care and Education Programs: Background and Funding", "summary": "The federal government has a long history of investing in early childhood care and education. As early as the 1930s, the government was supporting nursery schools for low-income children. Over time, the federal role in early childhood care and education has evolved, and today\u2019s federal investments in this area come in many forms. For instance, such investments\nStretch across multiple federal agencies and congressional committee jurisdictions. Agencies include the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Education (ED), the Department of the Interior (DOI), the Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).\nVary from targeted to flexible funding streams, from grant programs to tax provisions. Some programs exclusively offer early childhood services (e.g., Head Start), while others are broad-based funding streams for which such services are among many allowable uses (e.g., Temporary Assistance for Needy Families).\nOften have differing policy goals, target populations, program services, and administrative rules. Some target a particular service (e.g., home visiting, child care), while others target a particular population (e.g., special needs children, working parents). Many programs target low-income families, but some programs and tax provisions benefit middle- and upper-income families.\nCurrently, some of the largest federal investments in targeted early childhood programs come from HHS, through programs such as Head Start ($9.2 billion in FY2016) and the Child Care and Development Block Grant ($5.7 billion in combined mandatory and discretionary funding in FY2016). Two child care-related tax provisions (combining to account for an estimated $5.5 billion in FY2016) and the USDA\u2019s Child and Adult Care Food Program (estimated at $3.3 billion in FY2016) also provide substantial financial contributions to federal early childhood initiatives. By comparison, funding for targeted early childhood programs at ED and DOI tends to be lower, on average, typically falling below the billion-dollar mark for any one program. \nIn recent years, both Congress and the Obama Administration have demonstrated interest in early childhood issues. The President has proposed the creation of new early childhood programs (e.g., Preschool for All), as well as reforms to existing programs. In some cases, these or other early childhood proposals have been taken up by Congress. For instance, the Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015 (P.L. 114-95), which was signed into law in December 2015, authorized a new Preschool Development Grants program to be administered by HHS, jointly with ED. This legislation builds on a predecessor program of the same name that has been funded (at ED, but administered jointly with HHS) in annual appropriations acts since FY2014 under broad authorities without a standalone authorization. \nOf note, several early childhood care and education programs are due for possible reauthorization in the 114th Congress, including Head Start, mandatory child care funding authorized in Section 418 of the Social Security Act, and the IDEA Part C early intervention program for infants and toddlers. In addition, Congress may also take an interest in the Administration\u2019s implementation of the reauthorization law (P.L. 113-186) for the Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) that was enacted in November 2014, substantively overhauling existing program rules for the first time since 1996.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R40212", "sha1": "f095256c66fff26f7a3a5fc1d17eaf85af12d454", "filename": "files/20160516_R40212_f095256c66fff26f7a3a5fc1d17eaf85af12d454.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R40212", "sha1": "7109fd6a323108f119477ff9818cfb50481a8469", "filename": "files/20160516_R40212_7109fd6a323108f119477ff9818cfb50481a8469.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4904, "name": "Early Childhood Care & Education" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 442399, "date": "2015-06-23", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T18:53:27.138507", "title": "Early Childhood Care and Education Programs: Background and Funding", "summary": "The federal government has a long history of investing in early childhood care and education. As early as the 1930s, the government was supporting nursery schools for low-income children. Over time, the federal role in early childhood care and education has evolved and today\u2019s federal investments in this area come in many forms. For instance, such investments\nStretch across multiple federal agencies and congressional committee jurisdictions. Agencies include the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), the Department of Education (ED), the Department of the Interior (DOI), the Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).\nVary from targeted to flexible funding streams, from grant programs to tax provisions. Some programs exclusively offer early childhood services (e.g., Head Start), while others are broad-based funding streams for which such services are among many allowable uses (e.g., Temporary Assistance for Needy Families).\nOften have differing policy goals, target populations, program services, and administrative rules. Some target a particular service (e.g., home visiting, child care), while others target a particular population (e.g., special needs children, working parents). Many programs target low-income families, but some programs and tax provisions also benefit middle- and upper-income families.\nCurrently, some of the largest federal investments in targeted early childhood programs come from HHS, through programs such as Head Start ($8.6 billion in FY2015) and the Child Care and Development Block Grant ($5.4 billion in combined mandatory and discretionary funding in FY2015). Two child care-related tax provisions (combining to account for an estimated $5.5 billion in FY2015) and the USDA\u2019s Child and Adult Care Food Program (estimated at $3.1 billion in FY2015) also provide substantial financial contributions to federal early childhood initiatives. By comparison, funding for targeted early childhood programs at ED and DOI tends to be lower, on average, typically falling below the billion dollar mark for any one program. \nIn recent years, both Congress and the Obama Administration have demonstrated interest in early childhood issues. The President has proposed the creation of new early childhood programs (e.g., Preschool for All), as well as reforms to existing programs. In some cases, these proposals have been taken up by Congress, leading to new funding for early childhood initiatives in annual appropriations acts (e.g., Preschool Development Grants). However, over the same period, some early childhood programs have seen funding decreases (e.g., the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) preschool program) or been eliminated altogether (e.g., Even Start).\nOf note, several early childhood care and education programs are due for possible reauthorization in the 114th Congress, including Head Start, mandatory child care funding authorized in Section 418 of the Social Security Act, and the IDEA Part C early intervention program for infants and toddlers. In addition, the 114th Congress may consider early childhood care and education issues in the context of possible reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. Congress may also take an interest in the Administration\u2019s implementation of the reauthorization law (P.L. 113-186) for the Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) that was enacted in November 2014, substantively overhauling existing program rules for the first time since 1996.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R40212", "sha1": "3730199ac7d4f905b1f0514e816310a262251923", "filename": "files/20150623_R40212_3730199ac7d4f905b1f0514e816310a262251923.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R40212", "sha1": "e940b97453fc01cc244344ce9c08ecc90ae08b64", "filename": "files/20150623_R40212_e940b97453fc01cc244344ce9c08ecc90ae08b64.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc820970/", "id": "R40212_2013Jan09", "date": "2013-01-09", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Early Childhood Care and Education Programs: Background and Funding", "summary": "Federal support for child care and education comes in many forms, ranging from grant programs to tax provisions. This report provides a funding overview and brief background information on federal child care, early education, and related programs (and tax provisions).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130109_R40212_43ed32e96c60f648c23da83cc62f2cf7ef16524e.pdf" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Education", "name": "Education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Children", "name": "Children" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Education of disadvantaged children", "name": "Education of disadvantaged children" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Child care block grants", "name": "Child care block grants" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Child development", "name": "Child development" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc812328/", "id": "R40212_2010Mar18", "date": "2010-03-18", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Early Childhood Care and Education Programs: Background and Funding", "summary": "Federal support for child care and education comes in many forms, ranging from grant programs to tax provisions. This report provides a funding overview and brief background information on federal child care, early education, and related programs (and tax provisions).", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100318_R40212_302e8d8bfd33091a1d9bd3aee1ce6ea4c545155b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100318_R40212_302e8d8bfd33091a1d9bd3aee1ce6ea4c545155b.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Education", "name": "Education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Children", "name": "Children" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Education of disadvantaged children", "name": "Education of disadvantaged children" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Child care block grants", "name": "Child care block grants" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Child development", "name": "Child development" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc810505/", "id": "R40212_2010Jan26", "date": "2010-01-26", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Early Childhood Care and Education Programs: Background and Funding", "summary": "Several federal programs support child care, education, or related services, primarily for low-income working families. In addition, the tax code includes provisions specifically targeted to assist families with child care expenses. This report includes an update on FY2010 funding developments and the status of FY2009 appropriations in the early childhood care and education arena. This report also provides a six-year funding history and brief descriptions of the various related programs and tax provisions.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100126_R40212_7f69c1fed3e1fb540eedf10e44f5a59edb5138c4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100126_R40212_7f69c1fed3e1fb540eedf10e44f5a59edb5138c4.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Education", "name": "Education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Children", "name": "Children" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Education of disadvantaged children", "name": "Education of disadvantaged children" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Child care block grants", "name": "Child care block grants" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Child development", "name": "Child development" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821825/", "id": "R40212_2009Aug19", "date": "2009-08-19", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Early Childhood Care and Education Programs: Background and Funding", "summary": "Several federal programs support child care, education, or related services, primarily for low-income\r\nworking families. In addition, the tax code includes provisions specifically targeted to assist families with child care expenses. This report includes an update on FY2010 funding developments and the status of FY2009 appropriations in the early childhood care and education arena. This report also provides a six-year funding history and brief descriptions of the various related programs and tax provisions.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20090819_R40212_d004cecc2bcd7b7a7e5b0eb31ca71eb104daf173.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20090819_R40212_d004cecc2bcd7b7a7e5b0eb31ca71eb104daf173.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Education", "name": "Education" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Children", "name": "Children" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Education of disadvantaged children", "name": "Education of disadvantaged children" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Child care block grants", "name": "Child care block grants" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Child development", "name": "Child development" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Appropriations", "Domestic Social Policy" ] }