{ "id": "R41074", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R41074", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Architect of the Capitol Appointment Procedure: Evolution and Recent Changes", "retrieved": "2024-07-24T04:03:16.480929", "id": "R41074_14_2024-07-17", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2024-07-17_R41074_e96772ca7dc798848fe2143eb286c627f186e7e0.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41074/14", "sha1": "e96772ca7dc798848fe2143eb286c627f186e7e0" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2024-07-17_R41074_e96772ca7dc798848fe2143eb286c627f186e7e0.html" } ], "date": "2024-07-17", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R41074", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Architect of the Capitol Appointment Procedure: Evolution and Recent Changes", "retrieved": "2024-07-24T04:03:16.476761", "id": "R41074_12_2024-02-20", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2024-02-20_R41074_fa95770de828a32fb56f54f21a43ef9ba1bc1f78.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41074/12", "sha1": "fa95770de828a32fb56f54f21a43ef9ba1bc1f78" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2024-02-20_R41074_fa95770de828a32fb56f54f21a43ef9ba1bc1f78.html" } ], "date": "2024-02-20", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R41074", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Architect of the Capitol Appointment Procedure: Evolution and Recent Changes", "retrieved": "2024-07-24T04:03:16.472772", "id": "R41074_10_2023-03-30", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2023-03-30_R41074_63e3a2e8f512f53b36d58e1792f17c8be272cf04.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41074/10", "sha1": "63e3a2e8f512f53b36d58e1792f17c8be272cf04" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-03-30_R41074_63e3a2e8f512f53b36d58e1792f17c8be272cf04.html" } ], "date": "2023-03-30", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R41074", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Architect of the Capitol Appointment Procedure: Evolution and Recent Changes", "retrieved": "2024-07-24T04:03:16.468581", "id": "R41074_8_2021-09-01", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2021-09-01_R41074_9730109c77cbfa0f30267fbc4193a8e5be167799.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41074/8", "sha1": "9730109c77cbfa0f30267fbc4193a8e5be167799" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2021-09-01_R41074_9730109c77cbfa0f30267fbc4193a8e5be167799.html" } ], "date": "2021-09-01", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R41074", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 588160, "date": "2018-11-29", "retrieved": "2019-12-20T20:27:56.456145", "title": "Architect of the Capitol: Evolution and Implementation of the Appointment Procedure", "summary": "According to its website, the Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is responsible \u201cfor the operations and care of more than 18.4 million square feet of facilities, 570 acres of grounds and thousands of works of art.\u201d \nPursuant to the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1990, the Architect is appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. Prior to the enactment of this law, the President appointed the Architect for an unlimited term with no formal role for Congress.\nThe act also established a 10-year term for the Architect as well as a bicameral, bipartisan congressional commission to recommend candidates to the President. As subsequently amended in 1995, this law provides for a commission consisting of 14 Members of Congress, including the Speaker of the House, the President pro tempore of the Senate, the House and Senate majority and minority leaders, and the chair and ranking minority members of the Committee on House Administration, the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, and the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations. An Architect may be reappointed.\nAlan M. Hantman was the first Architect appointed under the revised appointment procedure. He declined to seek reappointment and served from January 30, 1997, to February 4, 2007. \nStephen T. Ayers, who served as Acting Architect of the Capitol following Mr. Hantman\u2019s retirement, was nominated by President Obama on February 24, 2010, for a 10-year term. The nomination was referred to the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration. The committee held a hearing on April 15, 2010, during which the chair and ranking member praised Mr. Ayers for his work as acting Architect and congratulated him on the nomination. Mr. Ayers was confirmed by voice vote in the Senate on May 12, 2010. \nUpon the retirement of Mr. Ayers on November 23, 2018, Christine Merdon, the Deputy Architect of the Capitol/Chief Operating Officer, became the Acting Architect of the Capitol.\nSince at least the 1950s, multiple bills have been introduced that would alter the AOC appointment process and require the appointment to be made by the leadership of Congress rather than the President. Some of the Architect\u2019s current duties, however, may potentially raise a question as to whether the Architect is an \u201cOfficer of the United States\u201d such that his or her appointment must comply with the requirements of the Appointments Clause of the Constitution.\nFor additional information and a comparison of appointments in the legislative branch, see CRS Report R42072, Legislative Branch Agency Appointments: History, Processes, and Recent Actions, by Ida A. Brudnick.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41074", "sha1": "bc65d808b1fc204992b6ca8f13983b9f716ac323", "filename": "files/20181129_R41074_bc65d808b1fc204992b6ca8f13983b9f716ac323.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41074", "sha1": "54a41920c870fec88ee2b9c4a34c319b74dcf8e3", "filename": "files/20181129_R41074_54a41920c870fec88ee2b9c4a34c319b74dcf8e3.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 363436, "date": "2010-06-04", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T22:17:13.754046", "title": "Architect of the Capitol: Appointment Process and Current Legislation", "summary": "The Architect of the Capitol (AOC) is responsible for \u201cthe maintenance, operation, development, and preservation of 16.5 million square feet of buildings and more than 450 acres of land throughout\u201d the United States Capitol Complex. \nThe Architect is appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1990, established a 10-year term for the Architect as well as a bicameral, bipartisan congressional commission to recommend candidates to the President. As amended, this law provides for a commission consisting of 14 Members of Congress, including the Speaker of the House, the President pro tempore of the Senate, the House and Senate majority and minority leaders, and the chair and ranking minority members of the Committee on House Administration, the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration, and the House and Senate Committees on Appropriations.\nAlan M. Hantman was the first Architect appointed under the 1989 act. He declined to seek reappointment and served from January 30, 1997, to February 4, 2007. Stephen T. Ayers, who served as Acting Architect of the Capitol since Mr. Hantman\u2019s retirement, was nominated by the President on February 24, 2010, for a 10-year term. The nomination was referred to the Senate Committee on Rules and Administration. The committee held a hearing on April 15, 2010, during which the chair and ranking member praised Mr. Ayers for his work as acting Architect and congratulated him on the nomination. Mr. Ayers was confirmed by voice vote in the Senate on May 12, 2010.\nDuring recent Congresses, multiple bills have been introduced that would alter the AOC appointment process and require the appointment to be made by the leadership of Congress rather than the President. One of these bills, H.R. 2843, the Architect of the Capitol Appointment Act of 2010, passed the House on February 3, 2010. \nBills removing the President from the process of appointing the Architect have been discussed for at least 50 years. Some of the Architect\u2019s current duties, however, may potentially raise a question as to whether the Architect is an \u201cOfficer of the United States\u201d such that his appointment must comply with the requirements of the Appointments Clause of the Constitution.\nFor additional information on the AOC, please see CRS Report RL31121, The Capitol Visitor Center: An Overview, by Stephen W. Stathis; and CRS Report RL34694, Administering Green Programs in Congress: Issues and Options, by Jacob R. Straus.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41074", "sha1": "caea9b4825cf08c219f0bdb9e452d572b5c0354e", "filename": "files/20100604_R41074_caea9b4825cf08c219f0bdb9e452d572b5c0354e.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41074", "sha1": "a0b745bfb8606a66fa8d7ee73fad91f883ab3870", "filename": "files/20100604_R41074_a0b745bfb8606a66fa8d7ee73fad91f883ab3870.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503367/", "id": "R41074_2010Feb16", "date": "2010-02-16", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "Architect of the Capitol: Appointment Process and Current Legislation", "summary": "This report discusses the history of the selection of the Architect of the Capitol (AOC) and recent legislation. An Appendix provides websites for brief biographical information about each of the 10 individuals who have served as Architect of the Capitol.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100216_R41074_600590620e7a199beff43e9ca3a7be313b634cbd.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100216_R41074_600590620e7a199beff43e9ca3a7be313b634cbd.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Architects", "name": "Architects" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Architects in government", "name": "Architects in government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government employees", "name": "Government employees" } ] } ], "topics": [ "National Defense" ] }