{ "id": "R41170", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R41170", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress", "retrieved": "2023-10-09T04:03:24.491258", "id": "R41170_26_2023-09-13", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2023-09-13_R41170_f334950ccee551d2f09d65b59cb7c5c7a20c11db.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41170/26", "sha1": "f334950ccee551d2f09d65b59cb7c5c7a20c11db" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-09-13_R41170_f334950ccee551d2f09d65b59cb7c5c7a20c11db.html" } ], "date": "2023-09-13", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R41170", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 617085, "date": "2020-02-11", "retrieved": "2020-02-13T23:20:39.033833", "title": "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress", "summary": "Multilateral development banks (MDBs) provide financial assistance to developing countries in order to promote economic and social development. The United States is a member, and donor, to five major MDBs: the World Bank and four regional development banks, including the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Inter-American Development Bank.\nThe MDBs primarily fund large infrastructure and other development projects and provide loans tied to policy reforms by the government. The MDBs provide non-concessional financial assistance to middle-income countries and some creditworthy low-income countries on market-based terms. They also provide concessional assistance, including grants and loans at below-market rate interest rates, to low-income countries.\nThe Role of Congress in U.S. Policy at the MDBs\nCongress plays a critical role in U.S. participation in the MDBs through funding and oversight. Congressional legislation is required for the United States to make financial contributions to the banks. Appropriations for the concessional windows occur regularly, while appropriations for the non-concessional windows are less frequent. \nCongress exercises oversight over U.S. participation in the MDBs, managed by the Department of the Treasury, through confirmations of U.S. representatives at the MDBs, hearings, and legislative mandates. For example, legislative mandates direct the U.S. Executive Directors to the MDBs to advocate certain policies and how to vote on various issues at the MDBs. Congress also has issued reporting requirements for the Department of the Treasury on issues related to MDB activities, and tied MDB funding to specific institutional reforms.\nSelected Issues for Congress\nU.S. Funding for the MDBs. In March 2017, the Trump Administration proposed cutting $650 million over three years compared to the commitments made under the Obama Administration. However, in the spring of 2018, the Trump Administration pledged to support an expansion of the World Bank\u2019s non-concessional lending facility, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). Congressional appropriations for the MDBs exceeded the amount requested by the Administration in FY2019 and FY2020. For FY2021, the Administration is requesting $1.56 billion for the MDBs.\nEffectiveness of MDBs. Critics argue that the MDBs focus more on \u201cgetting money out the door\u201d than delivering results, are not transparent, and lack a clear division of labor. They also argue that providing aid multilaterally relinquishes U.S. control over where and how the money is spent. Proponents argue that providing assistance to developing countries is the \u201cright\u201d thing to do and has been successful in helping developing countries make strides in health and education over the past four decades. They also argue that the MDBs leverage funds from other donors, promote policy reforms in developing countries, and enhance U.S. leadership.\nChanging Landscape of the MDBs. Emerging markets have launched two new multilateral development banks: the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New Development Bank. The first major MDBs created in decades, questions have been raised how they will fit in with existing MDBs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41170", "sha1": "e222ae5b96d18317b74c0a0cb269e3463058758e", "filename": "files/20200211_R41170_e222ae5b96d18317b74c0a0cb269e3463058758e.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/0.png": "files/20200211_R41170_images_8cbe407ea438fb0762a9f9d04d055281617b6388.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/5.png": "files/20200211_R41170_images_b2378cc5f65be0b5b054478aef89eee5ce02f385.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/1.png": "files/20200211_R41170_images_662918fce86ee41d20997b4c710ae728d268ff2c.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/4.png": "files/20200211_R41170_images_969895dddb47d4dcfa3c04522fc23e37f4faac7a.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/2.png": "files/20200211_R41170_images_f4e2aa18a9784aa3056eda707fd09dc2da303f71.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/3.png": "files/20200211_R41170_images_8e9e4a283b31e8f2a46a735ca9c02b3bf4b73c26.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41170", "sha1": "f6dd5d08706af177f1ce1b78df1ff299c2231469", "filename": "files/20200211_R41170_f6dd5d08706af177f1ce1b78df1ff299c2231469.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4854, "name": "International Financial Institutions" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 584944, "date": "2018-07-06", "retrieved": "2018-09-12T22:40:51.068104", "title": "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress", "summary": "Multilateral development banks (MDBs) provide financial assistance to developing countries in order to promote economic and social development. The United States is a member, and donor, to five major MDBs: the World Bank and four regional development banks, including the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Inter-American Development Bank.\nThe MDBs primarily fund large infrastructure and other development projects and provide loans tied to policy reforms by the government. The MDBs provide non-concessional financial assistance to middle-income countries and some creditworthy low-income countries on market-based terms. They also provide concessional assistance, including grants and loans at below-market rate interest rates, to low-income countries.\nThe Role of Congress in U.S. Policy at the MDBs\nCongress plays a critical role in U.S. participation in the MDBs through funding and oversight. Congressional legislation is required for the United States to make financial contributions to the banks. Appropriations for the concessional windows occur regularly, while appropriations for the non-concessional windows are less frequent. \nCongress exercises oversight over U.S. participation in the MDBs, managed by the Treasury Department, through confirmations of U.S. representatives at the MDBs, hearings, and legislative mandates. For example, legislative mandates direct the U.S. Executive Directors to the MDBs to advocate certain policies and how to vote on various issues at the MDBs. Congress also has issued reporting requirements for the Treasury Department on issues related to MDB activities, and tied MDB funding to specific institutional reforms.\nSelected Issues for Congress\nU.S. Funding for the MDBs. U.S. funding for the MDBs may shift under President Trump. In March 2017, the Trump Administration proposed cutting $650 million over three years compared to the commitments made under the Obama Administration. However, in the spring of 2018, the Trump Administration pledged to support an expansion of the World Bank\u2019s non-concessional lending facility, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). Congress sets U.S. funding for the MDBs as part of the annual state and foreign operations authorization and appropriations process.\nEffectiveness of MDBs. Critics argue that the MDBs focus more on \u201cgetting money out the door\u201d than delivering results, are not transparent, and lack a clear division of labor. They also argue that providing aid multilaterally relinquishes U.S. control over where and how the money is spent. Proponents argue that providing assistance to developing countries is the \u201cright\u201d thing to do and has been successful in helping developing countries make strides in health and education over the past four decades. They also argue that the MDBs leverage funds from other donors, promote policy reforms in developing countries, and enhance U.S. leadership.\nChanging Landscape of the MDBs. Emerging markets have launched two new multilateral development banks: the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New Development Bank. The first major MDBs created in decades, questions have been raised how they will fit in with existing MDBs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41170", "sha1": "8702547022a4510e7e906dde63040e6ea8355bbc", "filename": "files/20180706_R41170_8702547022a4510e7e906dde63040e6ea8355bbc.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/3.png": "files/20180706_R41170_images_7836eb0f4ec471c78707229ac170c2bc84114b96.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180706_R41170_images_427726e615b2f12a79e6baec2229ff8d254ceb8d.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/5.png": "files/20180706_R41170_images_1425dd50c3480a5a58c1c07bdc8d8155cfc4e1e0.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/1.png": "files/20180706_R41170_images_afe5567cd9cfdba720041524df555565870345cb.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/4.png": "files/20180706_R41170_images_37ca062e2093e3ba8eaa51120eb967922f536463.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/2.png": "files/20180706_R41170_images_9a5708eda9230dba2c659fc8a75bfc827509e10f.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/7.png": "files/20180706_R41170_images_412321822d4fbd9264bbec71fb352799b232a0a7.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/6.png": "files/20180706_R41170_images_85ac210aa372af29b630a5e4d5164663a4067267.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41170", "sha1": "cd55bd94db5f04d5ca4a99e5fa4d996e913a1e9e", "filename": "files/20180706_R41170_cd55bd94db5f04d5ca4a99e5fa4d996e913a1e9e.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4854, "name": "International Financial Institutions" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462682, "date": "2017-07-18", "retrieved": "2018-05-10T12:56:36.966294", "title": "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress", "summary": "Multilateral development banks (MDBs) provide financial assistance to developing countries in order to promote economic and social development. The United States is a member, and donor, to five major MDBs: the World Bank and four regional development banks, including the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Inter-American Development Bank.\nThe MDBs primarily fund large infrastructure and other development projects and provide loans tied to policy reforms by the government. The MDBs provide nonconcessional financial assistance to middle-income countries and some creditworthy low-income countries on market-based terms. They also provide concessional assistance, including grants and loans at below-market rate interest rates, to low-income countries.\nThe Role of Congress in U.S. Policy at the MDBs\nCongress plays a critical role in U.S. participation in the MDBs through funding and oversight. Congressional legislation is required for the United States to make financial contributions to the banks. Appropriations for the concessional windows occur regularly, while appropriations for the nonconcessional windows are less frequent. \nCongress exercises oversight over U.S. participation in the MDBs through confirmations of U.S. representatives at the MDBs, hearings, and legislative mandates. For example, legislative mandates direct the U.S. Executive Directors to the MDBs to advocate certain policies and how to vote on various issues at the MDBs. Congress also has issued reporting requirements for the Treasury Department on issues related to MDB activities, and tied MDB funding to specific institutional reforms.\nIssues for Congress\nU.S. Funding for the MDBs: U.S. funding for the MDBs may shift under President Trump, who campaigned on an \u201cAmerica First\u201d platform and has signaled a reorientation of U.S. foreign policy. In March 2017, the Trump Administration proposed cutting $650 million over three years compared to the commitments made under the Obama Administration. Congress sets U.S. funding for the MDBs as part of the annual state and foreign operations authorization and appropriations process.\nEffectiveness of MDBs: The impact of MDB financial assistance is debated. Critics argue that the MDBs focus more on \u201cgetting money out the door\u201d than delivering results, are not transparent, and lack a clear division of labor. They also argue that providing aid multilaterally relinquishes U.S. control over where and how the money is spent. Proponents argue that providing assistance to developing countries is the \u201cright\u201d thing to do and has been successful in helping developing countries make strides in health and education over the past four decades. They also argue that MDB assistance is important for leveraging funds from other donors, promoting policy reforms, and enhancing U.S. leadership.\nChanging Landscape of the MDBs: In recent years, several emerging markets have launched two new multilateral development banks: the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New Development Bank (often called the \u201cBRICS Bank,\u201d since its members include Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The first major MDBs created in decades, questions have been raised how they will fit in with existing MDBs. \nU.S. Commercial Interests: Billions of dollars in contracts are awarded each year to complete projects financed by the MDBs. The Foreign Commercial Service (FCS) has representatives at the MDBs who are responsible for protecting and promoting American commercial interests at the MDBs. Congress has exercised oversight of MDB procurement policies and U.S. commercial interests at the banks.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41170", "sha1": "7c6e230b22b74fc46c3efaca025882d9e10159fe", "filename": "files/20170718_R41170_7c6e230b22b74fc46c3efaca025882d9e10159fe.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170718_R41170_images_a55d12203563f0e1d4b26dd0065b1b73a922f2d6.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/5.png": "files/20170718_R41170_images_295fbfc05208df05d6e9526c94030b7a15633859.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/1.png": "files/20170718_R41170_images_f4685625e0795b45f6eef8fe567601c72c6b83f0.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/7.png": "files/20170718_R41170_images_e519dc9fe3e7823a18d6a5bd7c8610063b09d6ce.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/2.png": "files/20170718_R41170_images_fbd8ce24d3cb7b36ab42efdfb99b0cf2e927b187.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/3.png": "files/20170718_R41170_images_16f31c30ae8f5672957f88d350449ff63a3bbef0.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/4.png": "files/20170718_R41170_images_fed766adb1af12cd35c315c02f183b249cde6b44.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R41170_files&id=/6.png": "files/20170718_R41170_images_30b65160d80d53e88b2ecf244e038f39c17667a7.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41170", "sha1": "852e754c14ad67116f599852466360d4e3c1e9bd", "filename": "files/20170718_R41170_852e754c14ad67116f599852466360d4e3c1e9bd.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4854, "name": "International Financial Institutions" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 447792, "date": "2015-12-07", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:46:48.903723", "title": "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress", "summary": "Multilateral development banks (MDBs) provide financial assistance to developing countries in order to promote economic and social development. The United States is a member, and donor, to five major MDBs: the World Bank and four regional development banks, including the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Inter-American Development Bank.\nThe MDBs primarily fund large infrastructure and other development projects and provide loans tied to policy reforms by the government. The MDBs provide non-concessional financial assistance to middle-income countries and some creditworthy low-income countries on market-based terms. They also provide concessional assistance, including grants and loans at below-market rate interest rates, to low-income countries.\nThe Role of Congress in U.S. Policy at the MDBs\nCongress plays a critical role in U.S. participation in the MDBs through funding and oversight. Congressional legislation is required for the United States to make financial contributions to the banks. Appropriations for the concessional windows occur regularly, but appropriations for the non-concessional windows are less frequent. In FY2011 and FY2012, Congress authorized funds for U.S. participation in major increases of the non-concessional lending facilities at the MDBs. Appropriations for the capital increases have been spread out over a five- to eight-year period, depending on the institution.\nCongress exercises oversight over U.S. participation in the MDBs through hearings and legislative mandates. For example, legislative mandates direct the U.S. Executive Directors to the MDBs to advocate certain policies and how to vote on various issues at the MDBs. Congress also issues reporting requirements for the Treasury Department on issues related to MDB activities. Congress has also tied MDB funding to specific institutional reforms.\nIssues for Congress\nEffectiveness of MDBs: The impact of MDB financial assistance is debated. Critics argue that the MDBs focus on \u201cgetting money out the door\u201d (rather than delivering results), are not transparent, and lack a clear division of labor. They also argue that providing aid multilaterally relinquishes U.S. control over where and how the money is spent. Proponents argue that providing assistance to developing countries is the \u201cright\u201d thing to do and has been successful in helping developing countries make strides in health and education over the past four decades. They also argue that MDB assistance is important for leveraging funds from bilateral donors, promoting policy reforms, and enhancing U.S. leadership.\nChanging Landscape of the MDBs: In recent years, several countries have taken steps to launch two new multilateral development banks: the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New Development Bank (often called the \u201cBRICS Bank,\u201d since its members include Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The first major MDBs created in decades, questions have been raised how they will fit in with existing MDBs. Proponents of the new institutions argue that they will help address the financing needs of developing countries and increase the representation of emerging markets in the global economy. Others have expressed concerns about whether they will undermine U.S.-led institutions and adopt internationally-recognized best practices on governance, procurement, and environmental and social safeguards.\nU.S. Commercial Interests: Billions of dollars in contracts are awarded each year to complete projects financed by the MDBs. The Foreign Commercial Services (FCS) has representatives at the MDBs who are responsible for protecting and promoting American commercial interests at the MDBs. Congress has exercised oversight of MDB procurement policies and U.S. commercial interests at the banks.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41170", "sha1": "c76e74f0d8eb6ac9f2ae5e567e0b363638111991", "filename": "files/20151207_R41170_c76e74f0d8eb6ac9f2ae5e567e0b363638111991.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41170", "sha1": "80526c25256447f9707c2fd5f31ef0fe18c510a2", "filename": "files/20151207_R41170_80526c25256447f9707c2fd5f31ef0fe18c510a2.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 3290, "name": "International Financial Institutions and Policies" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795908/", "id": "R41170_2015Dec02", "date": "2015-12-02", "retrieved": "2016-01-13T14:26:20", "title": "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and highlights major issues for Congress. The first section discusses how the MDBs operate, and the second section discusses the role of Congress in the MDBs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20151202_R41170_4d602d4aed4e218358cd70cd6457ff70b5440e94.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20151202_R41170_4d602d4aed4e218358cd70cd6457ff70b5440e94.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Small business", "name": "Small business" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Finance", "name": "Finance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Capital", "name": "Capital" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Job creation", "name": "Job creation" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc267797/", "id": "R41170_2013Nov08", "date": "2013-11-08", "retrieved": "2013-12-03T12:16:12", "title": "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and highlights major issues for Congress. The first section discusses how the MDBs operate, including the history of the MDBs, their operations and organizational structure, and the effectiveness of MDB financial assistance. The second section discusses the role of Congress in the MDBs, including congressional legislation authorizing and appropriating U.S. contributions to the MDBs; congressional oversight; and U.S. commercial interests in the MDBs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20131108_R41170_da8b709dec1a393195ca28fd67df0020b74f0814.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20131108_R41170_da8b709dec1a393195ca28fd67df0020b74f0814.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Multilateral development banks", "name": "Multilateral development banks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Development credit institutions", "name": "Development credit institutions" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International finance", "name": "International finance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc86560/", "id": "R41170_2012Apr18", "date": "2012-04-18", "retrieved": "2012-06-15T10:07:48", "title": "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the MDBs and highlights major issues for Congress. The first section discusses how the MDBs operate, including the history of the MDBs, their operations and organizational structure, and the effectiveness of MDB financial assistance. The second section discusses the role of Congress in the MDBs, including congressional legislation authorizing and appropriating U.S. contributions to the MDBs; congressional oversight; and U.S. commercial interests in the MDBs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120418_R41170_e0841407b41b6dc408d5f8ba3405d69bf8f79557.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120418_R41170_e0841407b41b6dc408d5f8ba3405d69bf8f79557.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Multilateral development banks", "name": "Multilateral development banks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Development credit institutions", "name": "Development credit institutions" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International finance", "name": "International finance" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33016/", "id": "R41170_2011Mar07", "date": "2011-03-07", "retrieved": "2011-04-28T13:31:19", "title": "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress", "summary": "Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are international institutions that provide financial assistance, typically in the form of loans and grants, to developing countries in order to promote economic and social development. This report provides an overview of the MDBs and highlights major current issues for Congress. The first section discusses the history of the MDBs, their operations, major donor contributions, and their organization. The second section discusses issues of particular interest to Congress, including the effectiveness of the MDBs; congressional legislation authorizing and appropriating U.S. contributions to the MDBs; congressional oversight of the MDBs; and U.S. commercial interests in the MDBs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110307_R41170_73c74975086bec19d1e33ebb842a93e928baf96d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110307_R41170_73c74975086bec19d1e33ebb842a93e928baf96d.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "International finance", "name": "International finance" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International banking", "name": "International banking" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Banks and banking", "name": "Banks and banking" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Multilateral development banks", "name": "Multilateral development banks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International agencies", "name": "International agencies" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Development credit institutions", "name": "Development credit institutions" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic development - Developing countries", "name": "Economic development - Developing countries" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic policy", "name": "Economic policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Economic growth", "name": "Economic growth" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International affairs", "name": "International affairs" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503351/", "id": "R41170_2010Apr09", "date": "2010-04-09", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "Multilateral Development Banks: Overview and Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and highlights major current issues for Congress. The first section discusses the history of the MDBs, their operations, major donor contributions, their organization, and debates about the effectiveness of MDB financial assistance. The second section discusses issues of particular interest to Congress, including congressional legislation authorizing and appropriating U.S. contributions to the MDBs, congressional oversight of the MDBs, and U.S. commercial interests in the MDBs. It also discusses recent proposals for increasing the voting power of emerging-markets at the World Bank.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20100409_R41170_06080b0404100a2d46ed3bcbe014c449a8dbd6ca.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20100409_R41170_06080b0404100a2d46ed3bcbe014c449a8dbd6ca.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Multilateral development banks", "name": "Multilateral development banks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Development credit institutions", "name": "Development credit institutions" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International finance", "name": "International finance" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Economic Policy", "Foreign Affairs", "Industry and Trade" ] }