{
  "id": "R41434",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "R41434",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
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      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 420696,
      "date": "2012-10-16",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-06T23:53:20.111624",
      "title": "Job Growth During the Recovery",
      "summary": "Congress in recent years passed a number of bills intended in part to jump-start a recovery in the labor market from the recession that began in December 2007. Members are interested in the labor market\u2019s response to these measures to help them decide how well the legislation has worked and whether additional job-creation legislation may be warranted in light of the pace and composition of job growth since the recession\u2019s end in June 2009. Accordingly, employment data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics is analyzed in this report from December 2007 to September 2012 (the latest month for which data were available at the time of the report\u2019s preparation).\nA \u201cjobless recovery\u201d prevailed across firms in the private nonfarm sector until March 2010. That is to say, the number of private-sector jobs generally continued to fall until nine months into the recovery. The recovery was jobless until October 2010, 16 months into the recovery, across all employers in the public and private sectors of the nonfarm economy. At that point, net job growth in the overall economy began not because public-sector employment started to rise but because it fell more slowly while private-sector employment continued to grow. Given the pace of job growth during the recovery, a few more years will likely elapse before the approximately 7.5 million jobs lost during the recession are recouped.\nThe two industries hardest hit by the recession\u2014manufacturing and construction\u2014have been recovering at very different rates. In 2011, manufacturing employment surpassed its level at the recession\u2019s end. In 2012, construction employment remains over 400,000 jobs below its level in June 2009. Some of the states with the most depressed housing markets as well as manufacturing-dependent states have been especially slow to recover (e.g., Arizona, California, Florida, Indiana, Michigan, Nevada, and Ohio).\nDuring the recession, women lost relatively fewer jobs than men in part because the construction and manufacturing industries predominantly employ men. During the recovery, women have gained relatively fewer jobs than men in part because women are a substantial presence in the occupations (e.g., teachers) that account for much of the local and state government workforces.\nThe oldest and youngest workers have fared quite differently since December 2007. Workers aged 55 and older experienced job growth during the recession and recovery. The youngest age group (16- to 19-year olds) experienced the largest percentage declines in employment during the recession and recovery.\nThe employment of Hispanic workers returned fairly quickly to its level at the recession\u2019s start, despite the ethnic group\u2019s concentration in the hard-hit construction industry. Hispanic employment also is concentrated in the leisure and hospitality industry group, which had recouped all its job losses by early 2012.\nThe lower a worker\u2019s educational attainment, the worse they typically fared. As of September 2012, workers with less than 12 years of schooling or with a high school diploma at most did not regain all the jobs they lost since the recession\u2019s onset. In contrast, employment among workers with postsecondary education was higher in September 2012 than in December 2007.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc812988/",
      "id": "R41434_2012May10",
      "date": "2012-05-10",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Job Growth During the Recovery",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807732/",
      "id": "R41434_2011Feb17",
      "date": "2011-02-17",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Job Growth During the Recovery",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29610/",
      "id": "R41434_2010Sep30",
      "date": "2010-09-30",
      "retrieved": "2010-12-04T14:26:25",
      "title": "Job Growth During the Recovery",
      "summary": "Congress in recent years passed a number of bills intended in part to jump-start a recovery in the labor market from the recession that began in December 2007. Policymakers are interested in how employment has responded to stimulus measures to determine how effective the legislation has been and to decide whether additional job creation legislation is warranted. This report discusses this topic in brief.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Economic policy",
          "name": "Economic policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Business cycles",
          "name": "Business cycles"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Financial crises",
          "name": "Financial crises"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Economic stabilization",
          "name": "Economic stabilization"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Labor",
          "name": "Labor"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Unemployment",
          "name": "Unemployment"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Economic Policy"
  ]
}