{ "id": "R41464", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R41464", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "retrieved": "2021-08-19T04:03:46.429438", "id": "R41464_51_2021-07-16", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2021-07-16_R41464_65571e8aaa1acaedba835f6aa1dfb82791519279.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41464/51", "sha1": "65571e8aaa1acaedba835f6aa1dfb82791519279" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2021-07-16_R41464_65571e8aaa1acaedba835f6aa1dfb82791519279.html" } ], "date": "2021-07-16", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R41464", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "retrieved": "2021-08-19T04:03:46.428760", "id": "R41464_50_2020-12-16", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2020-12-16_R41464_6bf96f997b2ab9e1a45deba645c35286d783ba48.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R41464/50", "sha1": "6bf96f997b2ab9e1a45deba645c35286d783ba48" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2020-12-16_R41464_6bf96f997b2ab9e1a45deba645c35286d783ba48.html" } ], "date": "2020-12-16", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R41464", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 617496, "date": "2020-02-14", "retrieved": "2020-02-19T23:06:32.700390", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Members of Congress and Pentagon officials have placed a growing emphasis on U.S. programs to develop hypersonic weapons as a part of an effort to acquire the capability for the United States to launch attacks against targets around the world in under an hour. Conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) weapons may bolster U.S. efforts to deter and defeat adversaries by allowing the United States to attack high-value targets or \u201cfleeting targets\u201d at the start of or during a conflict. Congress has generally supported the PGS mission, but restricted funding for several years. Recently, efforts to develop a long-range prompt strike capability, along with other efforts to develop extremely fast hypersonic weapons, have garnered increased support.\nCPGS weapons would not substitute for nuclear weapons, but would supplement U.S. conventional capabilities. Officials have argued that the long-range systems would provide a \u201cniche\u201d capability, with a small number of weapons directed against select, critical targets. Some analysts, however, have raised concerns about the possibility that U.S. adversaries might misinterpret the launch of a missile with conventional warheads and conclude that the missiles carry nuclear weapons. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is considering a number of systems that might provide the United States with long-range strike capabilities.\nThe Air Force and Navy have both pursued programs that would lead to the deployment of conventional warheads on their long-range ballistic missiles. During the 2000s, the Air Force and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) sought to develop a hypersonic glide delivery vehicle that could deploy on a modified Peacekeeper land-based ballistic missile, but test failures led to the suspension of this program; research continues into a vehicle that might be deployed on air-delivered or shorter-range systems. In the mid-2000s, the Navy sought to deploy conventional warheads on a small number of Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missiles, but Congress rejected the requested funding for this program. Since then, the Pentagon has continued to develop a hypersonic glide vehicle, now known as the Alternate Reentry System, which could be deployed on long-range missiles. At present, it seems likely that this vehicle could be deployed on intermediate-range missiles on Navy submarines, for what is now known as the Prompt Strike Mission. Congress may review other weapons options for the deployment of hypersonic weapons, including bombers, cruise missiles, and possibly scramjets or other advanced technologies.\nThe Pentagon\u2019s FY2021 budget request continues to show significant increases in funding for the Navy\u2019s Conventional Prompt Strike (CPS) program. In FY2019 this program, which was funded through a DOD-wide account, received $278 million. The Navy received $512 million for this program in FY2020 and requested $1.008 billion for FY2021. The budget request shows continuing increases in funding over the next five years, with $5.3 billion allocated to the program between FY2021 through FY2025. This shows the growing priority placed on the program in the Pentagon and the growing interest in Congress in moving the program forward toward deployment.\nWhen Congress reviews the budget requests for prompt global strike and other hypersonic weapons programs, it may question DOD\u2019s rationale for the mission, reviewing whether the United States might have to attack targets promptly at the start of or during a conflict, when it could not rely on forward-based land or naval forces. It might also review whether this capability would reduce U.S. reliance on nuclear weapons or whether, as some critics have asserted, it might upset stability and possibly increase the risk of a nuclear response to a U.S. attack. At the same time, Members of Congress and officials in the Pentagon have both noted that Russia and China are pursuing hypersonic weapons, leading many to question whether the United States needs to accelerate its efforts in response, or whether an acceleration of U.S. efforts might contribute to an arms race and crisis instability.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41464", "sha1": "b9dad95c063fd0ea2d73900f2a1f1847ca155207", "filename": "files/20200214_R41464_b9dad95c063fd0ea2d73900f2a1f1847ca155207.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41464", "sha1": "b2447c892f7a86c9be35621efc1738c698848488", "filename": "files/20200214_R41464_b2447c892f7a86c9be35621efc1738c698848488.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4873, "name": "Strategic Forces, CBRN, & Nonproliferation" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 603792, "date": "2019-08-14", "retrieved": "2019-08-16T22:11:23.804786", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) weapons would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere on Earth in as little as an hour. This capability may bolster U.S. efforts to deter and defeat adversaries by allowing the United States to attack high-value targets or \u201cfleeting targets\u201d at the start of or during a conflict. Congress has generally supported the PGS mission, but restricted funding for several years. Recently, efforts to develop a long-range prompt strike capability, along with other efforts to develop extremely fast hypersonic weapons, have garnered increased support.\nCPGS weapons would not substitute for nuclear weapons, but would supplement U.S. conventional capabilities. Officials have argued that the long-range systems would provide a \u201cniche\u201d capability, with a small number of weapons directed against select, critical targets. Some analysts, however, have raised concerns about the possibility that U.S. adversaries might misinterpret the launch of a missile with conventional warheads and conclude that the missiles carry nuclear weapons. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is considering a number of systems that might provide the United States with long-range strike capabilities.\nThe Air Force and Navy have both pursued programs that would lead to the deployment of conventional warheads on their long-range ballistic missiles. During the 2000s, the Air Force and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) sought to develop a hypersonic glide delivery vehicle that could deploy on a modified Peacekeeper land-based ballistic missile, but test failures led to the suspension of this program; research continues into a vehicle that might be deployed on air-delivered or shorter-range systems. In the mid-2000s, the Navy sought to deploy conventional warheads on a small number of Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missiles, but Congress rejected the requested funding for this program. Since then, the Pentagon has continued to develop a hypersonic glide vehicle, now known as the Alternate Reentry System, which could be deployed on long-range missiles. At present, it seems likely that this vehicle could be deployed on intermediate-range missiles on Navy submarines, for what is now known as the Prompt Strike Mission. Congress may review other weapons options for the deployment of hypersonic weapons, including bombers, cruise missiles, and possibly scramjets or other advanced technologies.\nThe Pentagon\u2019s budget request for FY2020 increases funding for the Navy\u2019s Conventional Prompt Strike (CPS) Program, which has replaced the DOD-wide CPGS program, from around $278 million in FY2019 to $593 million in FY2020; the budget request also shows significant increases in funding over the next five years, with a total of $5.2 billion allocated to the program. This shows the growing priority placed on the program in the Pentagon and the growing interest in Congress in moving the program forward toward deployment.\nWhen Congress reviews the budget requests for prompt global strike and hypersonic weapons, it may question DOD\u2019s rationale for the mission, reviewing whether the United States might have to attack targets promptly at the start of or during a conflict, when it could not rely on forward-based land or naval forces. It might also review whether this capability would reduce U.S. reliance on nuclear weapons or whether, as some critics have asserted, it might upset stability and possibly increase the risk of a nuclear response to a U.S. attack. At the same time, Members of Congress and officials in the Pentagon have both noted that Russia and China are pursuing hypersonic weapons, leading many to question whether the United States needs to accelerate its efforts in response, or whether an acceleration of U.S. efforts might contribute to an arms race and crisis instability.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41464", "sha1": "36cfef32a99245d8f589932c58c82868ffaac280", "filename": "files/20190814_R41464_36cfef32a99245d8f589932c58c82868ffaac280.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41464", "sha1": "a7291597d196c9ada853a4b7a5e682ff86d568a8", "filename": "files/20190814_R41464_a7291597d196c9ada853a4b7a5e682ff86d568a8.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4873, "name": "Strategic Forces, CBRN, & Nonproliferation" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 589630, "date": "2019-01-08", "retrieved": "2019-01-09T23:07:07.890178", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) weapons would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere on Earth in as little as an hour. This capability may bolster U.S. efforts to deter and defeat adversaries by allowing the United States to attack high-value targets or \u201cfleeting targets\u201d at the start of or during a conflict. Congress has generally supported the PGS mission, but restricted funding for several years. Recently, efforts to develop a long-range prompt strike capability, along with other efforts to develop extremely fast hypersonic weapons, have garnered increased support.\nCPGS weapons would not substitute for nuclear weapons, but would supplement U.S. conventional capabilities. Officials have argued that the long-range systems would provide a \u201cniche\u201d capability, with a small number of weapons directed against select, critical targets. Some analysts, however, have raised concerns about the possibility that U.S. adversaries might misinterpret the launch of a missile with conventional warheads and conclude that the missiles carry nuclear weapons. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is considering a number of systems that might provide the United States with long-range strike capabilities.\nThe Air Force and Navy have both pursued programs that would lead to the deployment of conventional warheads on their long-range ballistic missiles. During the 2000s, the Air Force and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) sought to develop a hypersonic glide delivery vehicle that could deploy on a modified Peacekeeper land-based ballistic missile, but test failures led to the suspension of this program; research continues into a vehicle that might be deployed on air-delivered or shorter-range sytems. In the mid-2000s, the Navy sought to deploy conventional warheads on a small number of Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missiles, but Congress rejected the requested funding for this program. Since then, the Pentagon has continued to develop a hypersonic glide vehicle, now known as the Alternate Reentry System, which could be deployed on long-range missiles. At present, it seems likely that this vehicle could be deployed on intermediate-range missiles on Navy submarines, for what is now known as the Prompt Strike Mission. Congress may review other weapons options for the deployment of hypersonic weapons, including bombers, cruise missiles, and possibly scramjets or other advanced technologies.\nThe Pentagon\u2019s budget request for FY2019 increases funding for the CPGS program from around $201 million in FY2018 to $278 million in FY2019; it also shows significant increases in funding over the next five years, with a total of $1.9 billion allocated to the program. This shows the growing priority placed on the program in the Pentagon and the growing interest in Congress in moving the program forward toward deployment.\nWhen Congress reviews the budget requests for prompt global strike and hypersonic weapons, it may question DOD\u2019s rationale for the mission, reviewing whether the United States might have to attack targets promptly at the start of or during a conflict, when it could not rely on forward-based land or naval forces. It might also review whether this capability would reduce U.S. reliance on nuclear weapons or whether, as some critics have asserted, it might upset stability and possibly increase the risk of a nuclear response to a U.S. attack. At the same time, Members of Congress and officials in the Pentagon have both noted that Russia and China are pursuing hypersonic weapons, leading many to question whether the United States needs to accelerate its efforts in response, or whether an acceleration of U.S. efforts might contribute to an arms race and crisis instability.\nThis report will be updated as needed.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41464", "sha1": "3d3b78c9ae18d517ef530271a9fa1d37fdb41be9", "filename": "files/20190108_R41464_3d3b78c9ae18d517ef530271a9fa1d37fdb41be9.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41464", "sha1": "72e7cac92e55fbf12a7d422b842e32b9f62e37a0", "filename": "files/20190108_R41464_72e7cac92e55fbf12a7d422b842e32b9f62e37a0.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4873, "name": "Strategic Forces, CBRN, & Nonproliferation" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 579998, "date": "2018-04-06", "retrieved": "2018-05-10T10:47:19.731391", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) weapons would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere on Earth in as little as an hour. This capability may bolster U.S. efforts to deter and defeat adversaries by allowing the United States to attack high-value targets or \u201cfleeting targets\u201d at the start of or during a conflict. Congress has generally supported the PGS mission, but it has restricted funding and suggested some changes in funding for specific programs.\nCPGS weapons would not substitute for nuclear weapons, but would supplement U.S. conventional capabilities. They would provide a \u201cniche\u201d capability, with a small number of weapons directed against select, critical targets. Some analysts, however, have raised concerns about the possibility that U.S. adversaries might misinterpret the launch of a missile with conventional warheads and conclude that the missiles carry nuclear weapons. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is considering a number of systems that might provide the United States with long-range strike capabilities.\nThe Air Force and Navy have both considered deploying conventional warheads on their long-range ballistic missiles. The Air Force and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) sought to develop a hypersonic glide delivery vehicle that could deploy on a modified Peacekeeper land-based ballistic missile, but test failures led to the termination of this program. In the mid-2000s, the Navy sought to deploy conventional warheads on a small number of Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missiles, but Congress rejected the requested funding for this program in 2008. Since then, the Pentagon has continued to develop a hypersonic glide vehicle, now known as the Alternate Reentry System, which could be deployed on long-range missiles. At present, it seems likely that this vehicle could be deployed on intermediate-range missiles on Navy submarines, for what is now known as the Prompt Strike Mission. Congress may review other weapons options for the CPGS mission, including bombers, cruise missiles, and possibly scramjets or other advanced technologies.\nThe Pentagon\u2019s budget request for FY2019 increases funding for the CPGS program from around $201 million in FY2018 to $278 million in FY2019; it also shows significant increases in funding over the next five years, with a total of $1.9 billion allocated to the program. This shows the growing priority placed on the program in the Pentagon and the growing interest in Congress in moving the program forward toward deployment.\nWhen Congress reviews the budget requests for CPGS weapons, it may question DOD\u2019s rationale for the mission, reviewing whether the United States might have to attack targets promptly at the start of or during a conflict, when it could not rely on forward-based land or naval forces. It might also review whether this capability would reduce U.S. reliance on nuclear weapons or whether, as some critics have asserted, it might upset stability and possibly increase the risk of a nuclear response to a U.S. attack. This risk derives, in part, from the possibility that nations detecting the launch of a U.S. PGS weapon would not be able to determine whether the weapon carried a nuclear or conventional warhead. Congress has raised concerns about this possibility in the past. \nWarheads deployed on boost-glide systems would not be affected by the 2010 New START Treaty because these are new types of strategic offensive arms. But those deployed in existing types of reentry vehicles on existing types of ballistic missiles would count against the treaty limits. This report will be updated as needed.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41464", "sha1": "3fe0f168da628fcfed5bae36e275e203d8a02722", "filename": "files/20180406_R41464_3fe0f168da628fcfed5bae36e275e203d8a02722.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41464", "sha1": "66cde1b75084aa10109199152c048f3d72480d79", "filename": "files/20180406_R41464_66cde1b75084aa10109199152c048f3d72480d79.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4873, "name": "Strategic Forces, CBRN, & Nonproliferation" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462533, "date": "2017-07-07", "retrieved": "2017-08-22T14:00:24.557151", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) weapons would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere on Earth in as little as an hour. This capability may bolster U.S. efforts to deter and defeat adversaries by allowing the United States to attack high-value targets or \u201cfleeting targets\u201d at the start of or during a conflict. Congress has generally supported the PGS mission, but it has restricted funding and suggested some changes in funding for specific programs.\nCPGS weapons would not substitute for nuclear weapons, but would supplement U.S. conventional capabilities. They would provide a \u201cniche\u201d capability, with a small number of weapons directed against select, critical targets. Some analysts, however, have raised concerns about the possibility that U.S. adversaries might misinterpret the launch of a missile with conventional warheads and conclude that the missiles carry nuclear weapons. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is considering a number of systems that might provide the United States with long-range strike capabilities.\nThe Air Force and Navy have both considered deploying conventional warheads on their long-range ballistic missiles. The Navy sought to deploy conventional warheads on a small number of Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missiles. In FY2008, Congress rejected the requested funding for this program, but the Navy has continued to consider the possibility of deploying intermediate-range technologies for the prompt strike mission. The Air Force and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) are developing a hypersonic glide delivery vehicle that could deploy on a modified Peacekeeper land-based ballistic missile\u2014a system known as the conventional strike missile (CSM). In FY2008, Congress created a single, combined fund to support research and development for the CPGS mission. Congress appropriated $65.4 million for this program in FY2014, $95.6 million in FY2015, and $88.7 million in FY2016. The Obama Administration requested $181.3 million for FY2017.\nWhen Congress reviews the budget requests for CPGS weapons, it may question DOD\u2019s rationale for the mission, reviewing whether the United States might have to attack targets promptly at the start of or during a conflict, when it could not rely on forward-based land or naval forces. It might also review whether this capability would reduce U.S. reliance on nuclear weapons or whether, as some critics have asserted, it might upset stability and possibly increase the risk of a nuclear response to a U.S. attack. This risk derives, in part, from the possibility that nations detecting the launch of a U.S. PGS weapon would not be able to determine whether the weapon carried a nuclear or conventional warhead. Congress has raised concerns about this possibility in the past. \nWhile most analysts expected the Air Force to take the lead in deploying a hypersonic delivery system on a modified ballistic missile\u2014a concept known as the conventional strike missile (CSM)\u2014tests of the hypersonic vehicle known as the HTV-2 have not succeeded. An alternative glider, known as the AHW, may be deployed on missiles based at sea. Congress may review other weapons options for the CPGS mission, including bombers, cruise missiles, and possibly scramjets or other advanced technologies. \nWarheads deployed on boost-glide systems would not be affected by the 2010 New START Treaty because these are new types of strategic offensive arms. But those deployed in existing types of reentry vehicles on existing types of ballistic missiles would count against the treaty limits. This report will be updated as needed.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41464", "sha1": "31b79c7dfaacfe784d9bc7e2a5bf6e4dda9789c0", "filename": "files/20170707_R41464_31b79c7dfaacfe784d9bc7e2a5bf6e4dda9789c0.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41464", "sha1": "e32b01afab17f4ac80da4530c9c68c7c7d6340e2", "filename": "files/20170707_R41464_e32b01afab17f4ac80da4530c9c68c7c7d6340e2.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4873, "name": "Strategic Forces, CBRN, & Nonproliferation" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 458772, "date": "2017-02-03", "retrieved": "2017-02-10T18:23:28.136349", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) weapons would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere on Earth in as little as an hour. This capability may bolster U.S. efforts to deter and defeat adversaries by allowing the United States to attack high-value targets or \u201cfleeting targets\u201d at the start of or during a conflict. Congress has generally supported the PGS mission, but it has restricted funding and suggested some changes in funding for specific programs.\nCPGS weapons would not substitute for nuclear weapons, but would supplement U.S. conventional capabilities. They would provide a \u201cniche\u201d capability, with a small number of weapons directed against select, critical targets. Some analysts, however, have raised concerns about the possibility that U.S. adversaries might misinterpret the launch of a missile with conventional warheads and conclude that the missiles carry nuclear weapons. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is considering a number of systems that might provide the United States with long-range strike capabilities.\nThe Air Force and Navy have both considered deploying conventional warheads on their long-range ballistic missiles. The Navy sought to deploy conventional warheads on a small number of Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missiles. In FY2008, Congress rejected the requested funding for this program, but the Navy has continued to consider the possibility of deploying intermediate-range technologies for the prompt strike mission. The Air Force and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) are developing a hypersonic glide delivery vehicle that could deploy on a modified Peacekeeper land-based ballistic missile\u2014a system known as the conventional strike missile (CSM). In FY2008, Congress created a single, combined fund to support research and development for the CPGS mission. Congress appropriated $65.4 million for this program in FY2014, $95.6 million in FY2015, and $88.7 million in FY2016. The Obama Administration has requested $181.3 million for FY2017.\nWhen Congress reviews the budget requests for CPGS weapons, it may question DOD\u2019s rationale for the mission, reviewing whether the United States might have to attack targets promptly at the start of or during a conflict, when it could not rely on forward-based land or naval forces. It might also review whether this capability would reduce U.S. reliance on nuclear weapons or whether, as some critics have asserted, it might upset stability and possibly increase the risk of a nuclear response to a U.S. attack. This risk derives, in part, from the possibility that nations detecting the launch of a U.S. PGS weapon would not be able to determine whether the weapon carried a nuclear or conventional warhead. Congress has raised concerns about this possibility in the past. \nWhile most analysts expected the Air Force to take the lead in deploying a hypersonic delivery system on a modified ballistic missile\u2014a concept known as the conventional strike missile (CSM)\u2014tests of the hypersonic vehicle known as the HTV-2 have not succeeded. An alternative glider, known as the AHW, may be deployed on missiles based at sea. Congress may review other weapons options for the CPGS mission, including bombers, cruise missiles, and possibly scramjets or other advanced technologies. \nWarheads deployed on boost-glide systems would not be affected by the 2010 New START Treaty because these are new types of strategic offensive arms. But those deployed in existing types of reentry vehicles on existing types of ballistic missiles would count against the treaty limits. This report will be updated as needed.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41464", "sha1": "f61afa55336c9d4f1b4d14b8cf8b761b55fe08a7", "filename": "files/20170203_R41464_f61afa55336c9d4f1b4d14b8cf8b761b55fe08a7.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R41464", "sha1": "4f88da59f76771bc60a07c377753624903ae12cc", "filename": "files/20170203_R41464_4f88da59f76771bc60a07c377753624903ae12cc.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4873, "name": "Strategic Forces, CBRN, & Nonproliferation" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 450093, "date": "2016-02-24", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:02:49.754835", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) weapons would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere on Earth in as little as an hour. This capability may bolster U.S. efforts to deter and defeat adversaries by allowing the United States to attack high-value targets or \u201cfleeting targets\u201d at the start of or during a conflict. Congress has generally supported the PGS mission, but it has restricted funding and suggested some changes in funding for specific programs.\nCPGS weapons would not substitute for nuclear weapons, but would supplement U.S. conventional capabilities. They would provide a \u201cniche\u201d capability, with a small number of weapons directed against select, critical targets. Some analysts, however, have raised concerns about the possibility that U.S. adversaries might misinterpret the launch of a missile with conventional warheads and conclude that the missiles carry nuclear weapons. The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is considering a number of systems that might provide the United States with long-range strike capabilities.\nThe Air Force and Navy have both considered deploying conventional warheads on their long-range ballistic missiles. The Navy sought to deploy conventional warheads on a small number of Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missiles. In FY2008, Congress rejected the requested funding for this program, but the Navy has continued to consider the possibility of deploying intermediate-range technologies for the prompt strike mission. The Air Force and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) are developing a hypersonic glide delivery vehicle that could deploy on a modified Peacekeeper land-based ballistic missile\u2014a system known as the conventional strike missile (CSM). In FY2008, Congress created a single, combined fund to support research and development for the CPGS mission. Congress appropriated $65.4 million for this program in FY2014, $95.6 million in FY2015, and $88.7 million in FY2016. The Obama Administration has requested $181.3 million for FY2017.\nWhen Congress reviews the budget requests for CPGS weapons, it may question DOD\u2019s rationale for the mission, reviewing whether the United States might have to attack targets promptly at the start of or during a conflict, when it could not rely on forward-based land or naval forces. It might also review whether this capability would reduce U.S. reliance on nuclear weapons or whether, as some critics have asserted, it might upset stability and possibly increase the risk of a nuclear response to a U.S. attack. This risk derives, in part, from the possibility that nations detecting the launch of a U.S. PGS weapon would not be able to determine whether the weapon carried a nuclear or conventional warhead. Congress has raised concerns about this possibility in the past. \nWhile most analysts expected the Air Force to take the lead in deploying a hypersonic delivery system on a modified ballistic missile\u2014a concept known as the conventional strike missile (CSM)\u2014tests of the hypersonic vehicle known as the HTV-2 have not succeeded. An alternative glider, known as the AHW, may be deployed on missiles based at sea. Congress may review other weapons options for the CPGS mission, including bombers, cruise missiles, and possibly scramjets or other advanced technologies. \nWarheads deployed on boost-glide systems would not be affected by the 2010 New START Treaty because these are new types of strategic offensive arms. But those deployed in existing types of reentry vehicles on existing types of ballistic missiles would count against the treaty limits. 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It also reviews the Air Force and Navy efforts to develop these systems, summarizes Congressional reaction to these proposals, and provides a more detailed account of the issues raised by these concepts and programs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150206_R41464_2626cb1696f76d426d50dc0aa2941681cf5961e4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150206_R41464_2626cb1696f76d426d50dc0aa2941681cf5961e4.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Environmental protection", "name": "Environmental protection" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Construction industries", "name": "Construction industries" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Energy", "name": "Energy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Energy conservation in buildings", "name": "Energy conservation in buildings" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc463219/", "id": "R41464_2014Aug26", "date": "2014-08-26", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the rationale for the PGS mission and the possible deployment of conventional warheads on long-range ballistic missiles or boost-glide systems in support of this mission and reviews the Air Force and Navy efforts to develop these systems. The report also summarizes congressional reaction to these proposals, then provides a more detailed account of the issues raised by these concepts and programs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140826_R41464_a7e4751a50bdab914695cfe6dfcedd48202bfda6.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140826_R41464_a7e4751a50bdab914695cfe6dfcedd48202bfda6.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Environmental protection", "name": "Environmental protection" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Construction industries", "name": "Construction industries" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Energy conservation in buildings", "name": "Energy conservation in buildings" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Energy", "name": "Energy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc306541/", "id": "R41464_2014May05", "date": "2014-05-05", "retrieved": "2014-07-08T21:53:44", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "This report provides an overview of the rationale for the Prompt Global Strike (PGS) mission and the possible deployment of conventional warheads on long-range ballistic missiles or boost-glide systems. 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It then reviews the Air Force and Navy efforts to develop these systems. It summarizes congressional reaction to these proposals, then provides a more detailed account of the issues raised by these concepts and programs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130426_R41464_1d1899d671a2d86a4e5b1cc18888bf70d6bac945.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130426_R41464_1d1899d671a2d86a4e5b1cc18888bf70d6bac945.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Weapons systems", "name": "Weapons systems" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Guided missiles", "name": "Guided missiles" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Intercontinental ballistic missiles", "name": "Intercontinental ballistic missiles" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Missile warheads", "name": "Missile warheads" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Air Force -- U.S.", "name": "Air Force -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Navy -- U.S.", "name": "Navy -- U.S." } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821372/", "id": "R41464_2013Jan10", "date": "2013-01-10", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130110_R41464_9b4131047c695eda988ff753c32c6006179dd0d1.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130110_R41464_9b4131047c695eda988ff753c32c6006179dd0d1.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc93848/", "id": "R41464_2012Jul06", "date": "2012-07-06", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Prompt global strike (PGS) would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere on Earth with conventional weapons in as little as an hour. This report looks at some concerns that Congress has shown for the PGS program, including the Department of Defenses' rationale for the mission, the Air Force's ability to set up the system in a timely manner, and how the new START Treaty between the US and Russia will affect the system.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120706_R41464_abc6be09d4bf7f6497aa3edfce4e6a11f3cc7947.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120706_R41464_abc6be09d4bf7f6497aa3edfce4e6a11f3cc7947.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Weapons systems", "name": "Weapons systems" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Military weapons", "name": "Military weapons" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87160/", "id": "R41464_2012Feb13", "date": "2012-02-13", "retrieved": "2012-07-03T07:51:21", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Prompt global strike (PGS) would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere on Earth with conventional weapons in as little as an hour. This capability may bolster U.S. efforts to deter and defeat adversaries by allowing the United States to attack high-value targets or \u201cfleeting targets\u201d at the start of or during a conflict. Congress has generally supported the PGS mission, but it has restricted funding and suggested some changes in funding for specific programs. Some concerns that Congress has shown are the Department of Defenses' rationale for the mission, the Air Force's ability to set up the system in a timely manner, and how the new START Treaty between the US and Russia will affect the system.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120213_R41464_4c41d0434f84633e3ab3c33bc5053764127fdfba.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120213_R41464_4c41d0434f84633e3ab3c33bc5053764127fdfba.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Defense policy", "name": "Defense policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Weapons systems", "name": "Weapons systems" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Military weapons", "name": "Military weapons" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc93847/", "id": "R41464_2011Jun21", "date": "2011-06-21", "retrieved": "2012-07-24T12:39:36", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "This report looks at why prompt global strike (PGS) missiles are beneficial to the U.S., and how they can help contribute to a conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) mission.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110621_R41464_1f5d2fb5eac76b9b2ae405dab26e5eccbbee575a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110621_R41464_1f5d2fb5eac76b9b2ae405dab26e5eccbbee575a.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Weapons systems", "name": "Weapons systems" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Conventional weapons", "name": "Conventional weapons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Ballistic missiles", "name": "Ballistic missiles" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc40109/", "id": "R41464_2011April21", "date": "2011-04-21", "retrieved": "2011-08-27T10:13:38", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Prompt global strike (PGS) would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere on earth with conventional weapons in as little as an hour. This report provides an overview of the rationale for the PGS mission and the possible deployment of conventional warheads on long-range ballistic missiles in support of this mission. It then reviews the Air Force and Navy efforts to develop these systems. It summarizes congressional reaction to these proposals, then provides a more detailed account of the issues raised by these concepts and programs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110421_R41464_2ad0d3402a33aac27c164524365ea8db35e3c7d6.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110421_R41464_2ad0d3402a33aac27c164524365ea8db35e3c7d6.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Weapons systems", "name": "Weapons systems" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Conventional weapons", "name": "Conventional weapons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Ballistic missiles", "name": "Ballistic missiles" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103111/", "id": "R41464_2011Mar01", "date": "2011-03-01", "retrieved": "2012-09-19T20:16:14", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "This report looks at why prompt global strike (PGS) missiles are beneficial to the U.S. and how they can help contribute to a conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) mission.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110301_R41464_a0daa2c809b4a647133bfb4a5101efa8b4ddabf0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110301_R41464_a0daa2c809b4a647133bfb4a5101efa8b4ddabf0.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Weapons systems", "name": "Weapons systems" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Conventional weapons", "name": "Conventional weapons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Ballistic missiles", "name": "Ballistic missiles" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc29620/", "id": "R41464_2010Oct25", "date": "2010-10-25", "retrieved": "2010-12-04T14:26:25", "title": "Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues", "summary": "Prompt global strike (PGS) would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere on earth with conventional weapons in as little as an hour. This report provides an overview of the rationale for the PGS mission and the possible deployment of conventional warheads on long-range ballistic missiles in support of this mission. It then reviews the Air Force and Navy efforts to develop these systems. It summarizes congressional reaction to these proposals, then provides a more detailed account of the issues raised by these concepts and programs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20101025_R41464_6ee8c152d02d61ae9fb6037675eb7602dff46c7c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20101025_R41464_6ee8c152d02d61ae9fb6037675eb7602dff46c7c.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Weapons systems", "name": "Weapons systems" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Conventional weapons", "name": "Conventional weapons" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Ballistic missiles", "name": "Ballistic missiles" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Foreign Affairs", "National Defense" ] }