{
  "id": "R41994",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "R41994",
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  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 414729,
      "date": "2011-07-28",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-06T22:01:17.832464",
      "title": "The Supreme Court Decision in Microsoft v. i4i: Implications for Innovation Policy",
      "summary": "The June 9, 2011, decision of the United States Supreme Court in Microsoft Corp. v. i4i Limited Partnership et al. rained current legal standards by holding that patents must be proved invalid by \u201cclear and convincing evidence.\u201d The Court explicitly rejected the argument that the \u201cpreponderance of the evidence\u201d standard, which would have made patents more vulnerable to challenge, applied in this situation. The decision arguably holds a number of potential implications for U.S. innovation policy, including incentives to innovate, invest, and assert patents, and leaves the question of the appropriate presumption of validity for patents squarely before Congress.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
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          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R41994",
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          "filename": "files/20110728_R41994_86e3f434087bd953fe6918f8449d6d1879e1f00a.html",
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          "filename": "files/20110728_R41994_4305295517324072fd5b8be0465a39740b19fa1d.pdf",
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      "topics": []
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}