{ "id": "R42351", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "R42351", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 457159, "date": "2016-11-18", "retrieved": "2016-11-28T21:06:06.751810", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "The Internet is often described as a \u201cnetwork of networks\u201d because it is not a single physical entity, but hundreds of thousands of interconnected networks linking hundreds of millions of computers around the world. As such, the Internet is international, decentralized, and comprised of networks and infrastructure largely owned and operated by private sector entities. As the Internet grows and becomes more pervasive in all aspects of modern society, the question of how it should be governed becomes more pressing.\nCurrently, an important aspect of the Internet is governed by a private sector, international organization based in California called the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). ICANN manages and oversees some of the critical technical underpinnings of the Internet such as the domain name system and Internet Protocol (IP) addressing. ICANN makes its policy decisions using a multistakeholder model of governance, in which a \u201cbottom-up\u201d collaborative process is open to all constituencies of Internet stakeholders. \nNational governments have recognized an increasing stake in ICANN policy decisions, especially in cases where Internet policy intersects with national laws addressing such issues as intellectual property, privacy, law enforcement, and cybersecurity. Some governments around the world are advocating increased intergovernmental influence over the way the Internet is governed. For example, specific proposals have been advanced that would create an Internet governance entity within the United Nations (U.N.). Other governments (including the United States), as well as many other Internet stakeholders, oppose these proposals and argue that ICANN\u2019s multistakeholder model is the most appropriate way to govern the Internet.\nPreviously, the U.S. government, through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) at the Department of Commerce, held a \u201cstewardship\u201d role over the domain name system by virtue of a contractual relationship with ICANN. On March 14, 2014, NTIA announced its intention to transition its stewardship role and procedural authority over key domain name functions to the global Internet multistakeholder community. NTIA also stated that it would not accept any transition proposal that replaces the NTIA role with a government-led or an intergovernmental organization solution. \nFor two years, Internet stakeholders were engaged in a process to develop a transition proposal that would meet NTIA\u2019s criteria. On March 10, 2016, the ICANN Board formally accepted the multistakeholder community\u2019s transition plan and transmitted that plan to NTIA for approval. On June 9, 2016, NTIA announced its determination that the transition plan met NTIA\u2019s criteria and that the plan was approved. On September 30, 2016, the contract between NTIA and ICANN expired, thus completing and implementing the transition. \nWith the transition now complete, Congress may continue assessing how effectively NTIA is advancing U.S. government positions within the Governmental Advisory Committee. Of particular interest may be to what extent ongoing and future intergovernmental telecommunications conferences constitute an opportunity for some nations to increase intergovernmental control over the Internet\u2014at the expense of the multistakeholder system of Internet governance\u2014and how effectively NTIA and other government agencies (such as the State Department) are working to counteract that threat.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R42351", "sha1": "72877db2b2d4e550d97c327b88a972feef072da1", "filename": "files/20161118_R42351_72877db2b2d4e550d97c327b88a972feef072da1.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R42351", "sha1": "e117b944e1ea7b3372ae6e776280a30aec3d4fb2", "filename": "files/20161118_R42351_e117b944e1ea7b3372ae6e776280a30aec3d4fb2.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4794, "name": "Science for Security" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4820, "name": "Cybersecurity" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4852, "name": "Science & Technology R&D" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4871, "name": "Telecommunications & Internet Policy" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4884, "name": "Critical Infrastructure" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4916, "name": "Technology & Innovation" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 453445, "date": "2016-06-10", "retrieved": "2016-06-21T21:04:47.651819", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "The Internet is often described as a \u201cnetwork of networks\u201d because it is not a single physical entity, but hundreds of thousands of interconnected networks linking hundreds of millions of computers around the world. As such, the Internet is international, decentralized, and comprised of networks and infrastructure largely owned and operated by private sector entities. As the Internet grows and becomes more pervasive in all aspects of modern society, the question of how it should be governed becomes more pressing.\nCurrently, an important aspect of the Internet is governed by a private sector, international organization called the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which manages and oversees some of the critical technical underpinnings of the Internet such as the domain name system and Internet Protocol (IP) addressing. ICANN makes its policy decisions using a multistakeholder model of governance, in which a \u201cbottom-up\u201d collaborative process is open to all constituencies of Internet stakeholders. \nNational governments have recognized an increasing stake in ICANN policy decisions, especially in cases where Internet policy intersects with national laws addressing such issues as intellectual property, privacy, law enforcement, and cybersecurity. Some governments around the world are advocating increased intergovernmental influence over the way the Internet is governed. For example, specific proposals have been advanced that would create an Internet governance entity within the United Nations (U.N.). Other governments (including the United States), as well as many other Internet stakeholders, oppose these proposals and argue that ICANN\u2019s multistakeholder model is the most appropriate way to govern the Internet.\nCurrently, the U.S. government, through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) at the Department of Commerce, holds a \u201cstewardship\u201d role over the domain name system by virtue of a contractual relationship with ICANN. On March 14, 2014, NTIA announced its intention to transition its stewardship role and procedural authority over key domain name functions to the global Internet multistakeholder community. NTIA has also stated that it will not accept any transition proposal that would replace the NTIA role with a government-led or an intergovernmental organization solution. \nFor two years, Internet stakeholders have been engaged in a process to develop a transition proposal that will meet NTIA\u2019s criteria. On March 10, 2016, the ICANN Board formally accepted the multistakeholder community\u2019s transition plan and transmitted that plan to NTIA for approval. On June 9, 2016, NTIA announced its determination that the transition plan meets NTIA\u2019s criteria, that the plan is approved, and that the transition process can proceed pending the completion of ICANN\u2019s implementation and testing activities. The current contract between NTIA and ICANN expires on September 30, 2016, but it can be extended by NTIA for up to three additional years.\nCongress will now assess NTIA\u2019s evaluation of the transition plan and evaluate the transition plan itself. Meanwhile, legislation has been introduced in the 113th and 114th Congresses which would prevent, delay, or impose conditions or additional scrutiny on the transition. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) prevents NTIA from relinquishing its contractual control over IANA in FY2016. Section 534 of H.R. 5393, the FY2017 Commerce, Justice, Science (CJS) Appropriations Act, would continue to prohibit NTIA from using funds to relinquish its authority over IANA in FY2017.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R42351", "sha1": "20b1ff3f65a1dbf05c7d712adc5ba59bbc4167c6", "filename": "files/20160610_R42351_20b1ff3f65a1dbf05c7d712adc5ba59bbc4167c6.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R42351", "sha1": "be64071293571139f67b098f470e8f6865d8984a", "filename": "files/20160610_R42351_be64071293571139f67b098f470e8f6865d8984a.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4300, "name": "Cybersecurity" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 451600, "date": "2016-03-23", "retrieved": "2016-05-24T19:27:41.436941", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "The Internet is often described as a \u201cnetwork of networks\u201d because it is not a single physical entity, but hundreds of thousands of interconnected networks linking hundreds of millions of computers around the world. As such, the Internet is international, decentralized, and comprised of networks and infrastructure largely owned and operated by private sector entities. As the Internet grows and becomes more pervasive in all aspects of modern society, the question of how it should be governed becomes more pressing.\nCurrently, an important aspect of the Internet is governed by a private sector, international organization called the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which manages and oversees some of the critical technical underpinnings of the Internet such as the domain name system and Internet Protocol (IP) addressing. ICANN makes its policy decisions using a multistakeholder model of governance, in which a \u201cbottom-up\u201d collaborative process is open to all constituencies of Internet stakeholders. \nNational governments have recognized an increasing stake in ICANN policy decisions, especially in cases where Internet policy intersects with national laws addressing such issues as intellectual property, privacy, law enforcement, and cybersecurity. Some governments around the world are advocating increased intergovernmental influence over the way the Internet is governed. For example, specific proposals have been advanced that would create an Internet governance entity within the United Nations (U.N.). Other governments (including the United States), as well as many other Internet stakeholders, oppose these proposals and argue that ICANN\u2019s multistakeholder model is the most appropriate way to govern the Internet.\nCurrently, the U.S. government, through the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) at the Department of Commerce, holds a \u201cstewardship\u201d role over the domain name system by virtue of a contractual relationship with ICANN. On March 14, 2014, NTIA announced its intention to transition its stewardship role and procedural authority over key domain name functions to the global Internet multistakeholder community. If a satisfactory transition can be achieved, NTIA stated that it would let its contract with ICANN expire as early as September 30, 2015. On August 17, 2015, NTIA announced that the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) contract will be extended for one year until September 30, 2016. NTIA has also stated that it will not accept any transition proposal that would replace the NTIA role with a government-led or an intergovernmental organization solution. On March 10, 2016, the ICANN Board formally accepted the multistakeholder community\u2019s transition plan and transmitted that plan to NTIA for approval.\nIn the 114th Congress, H.R. 805/S. 1551 (the DOTCOM Act of 2015) would prohibit NTIA from relinquishing its authority until 30 legislative days after NTIA submits a report to Congress in which NTIA certifies that the transition proposal meets certain criteria. The DOTCOM Act was passed by the House, but has not been passed by the Senate. Meanwhile, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113) prevents NTIA from relinquishing its contractual control over IANA in FY2016. \nThe 114th Congress is likely to closely examine NTIA\u2019s proposed transition of its authority. As the transition plan is implemented by the Internet community and evaluated by NTIA, Congress will likely monitor and evaluate that plan, and seek assurances that an Internet and domain name system free of U.S. government stewardship will remain stable, secure, resilient, and open. Congress will likely continue assessing to what extent ongoing and future intergovernmental telecommunications conferences constitute an opportunity for some nations to increase intergovernmental control over the Internet, and how effectively the Administration is working to counteract that threat.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R42351", "sha1": "9ad658afa6bb46d0ac73dba7b29428b504578d79", "filename": "files/20160323_R42351_9ad658afa6bb46d0ac73dba7b29428b504578d79.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R42351", "sha1": "1c3da84a0392edcb0f62930942266ac68c4d8bb5", "filename": "files/20160323_R42351_1c3da84a0392edcb0f62930942266ac68c4d8bb5.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4300, "name": "Cybersecurity" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795902/", "id": "R42351_2015Nov20", "date": "2015-11-20", "retrieved": "2016-01-13T14:26:20", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides a definition regarding Internet governance and how the Internet is currently governed, and discusses the role of United States government and future model of Internet governance.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20151120_R42351_9ad9080f11b620baec01d465e15f37e0f328f91c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20151120_R42351_9ad9080f11b620baec01d465e15f37e0f328f91c.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Computer networks", "name": "Computer networks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government regulation", "name": "Government regulation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Internet", "name": "Internet" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Technology policy", "name": "Technology policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795801/", "id": "R42351_2015Nov09", "date": "2015-11-09", "retrieved": "2016-01-13T14:26:20", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides a definition regarding Internet governance and how the Internet is currently governed. The report discusses the role of United States government and future model of Internet governance.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20151109_R42351_b5d6c377998aefe3b1d1bb67e9497954675e7792.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20151109_R42351_b5d6c377998aefe3b1d1bb67e9497954675e7792.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Computer networks", "name": "Computer networks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government regulation", "name": "Government regulation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Internet", "name": "Internet" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Technology policy", "name": "Technology policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700696/", "id": "R42351_2015Jun24", "date": "2015-06-24", "retrieved": "2015-08-27T16:20:31", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides a definition regarding Internet governance and how the Internet is currently governed. The report discusses the role of United States government and future model of Internet governance.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150624_R42351_668210f62f34a1315aaac77e2906816c321b9e62.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150624_R42351_668210f62f34a1315aaac77e2906816c321b9e62.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Computer networks", "name": "Computer networks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government regulation", "name": "Government regulation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Internet", "name": "Internet" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Technology policy", "name": "Technology policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc806960/", "id": "R42351_2015May08", "date": "2015-05-08", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150508_R42351_843e379b4db971329352e29fa0b2d6d5553b2ca3.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150508_R42351_843e379b4db971329352e29fa0b2d6d5553b2ca3.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503671/", "id": "R42351_2015Mar06", "date": "2015-03-06", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides a definition regarding Internet governance and how the Internet is currently governed. The report discusses the role of United States government and future model of Internet governance.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150306_R42351_01509960397339c81e6bcbf52147482320653617.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150306_R42351_01509960397339c81e6bcbf52147482320653617.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Computer networks", "name": "Computer networks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government regulation", "name": "Government regulation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Internet", "name": "Internet" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Technology policy", "name": "Technology policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501555/", "id": "R42351_2014Dec30", "date": "2014-12-30", "retrieved": "2015-03-30T22:03:27", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides a definition regarding Internet governance and describes how the Internet is currently governed. The report discusses the role of United States government and future model of Internet governance.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20141230_R42351_bdee96c10af81cbd2f4116730c332df01d8b0198.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20141230_R42351_bdee96c10af81cbd2f4116730c332df01d8b0198.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Computer networks", "name": "Computer networks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government regulation", "name": "Government regulation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Internet", "name": "Internet" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Technology policy", "name": "Technology policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491174/", "id": "R42351_2014Nov26", "date": "2014-11-26", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides a definition regarding Internet governance and how the Internet is currently governed. The report discusses the role of United States government and future model of Internet governance.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20141126_R42351_25269f0463fb4a786edd6f57df7a240ee76a0a7b.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20141126_R42351_25269f0463fb4a786edd6f57df7a240ee76a0a7b.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Computer networks", "name": "Computer networks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government regulation", "name": "Government regulation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Internet", "name": "Internet" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Technology policy", "name": "Technology policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc306421/", "id": "R42351_2014May23", "date": "2014-05-23", "retrieved": "2014-07-08T21:53:44", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides a definition regarding Internet governance and how the Internet is currently governed. The report discusses the role of United States government and future model of Internet governance.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140523_R42351_3679ae597a3bef0a86e6ca41ae025f497f2705df.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140523_R42351_3679ae597a3bef0a86e6ca41ae025f497f2705df.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Technology policy", "name": "Technology policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Computer networks", "name": "Computer networks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Internet", "name": "Internet" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government regulation", "name": "Government regulation" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815020/", "id": "R42351_2014Apr15", "date": "2014-04-15", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140415_R42351_18fd142ef5fc4c9efc7982a069f8c757065c8ec2.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140415_R42351_18fd142ef5fc4c9efc7982a069f8c757065c8ec2.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc813174/", "id": "R42351_2014Mar28", "date": "2014-03-28", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140328_R42351_f19903fa50305616f57a9bf0cfaa4f2d3b4d6ee5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140328_R42351_f19903fa50305616f57a9bf0cfaa4f2d3b4d6ee5.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc815068/", "id": "R42351_2014Mar19", "date": "2014-03-19", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140319_R42351_c39859e6bb98904c20f99643fa12e52483f00cf2.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140319_R42351_c39859e6bb98904c20f99643fa12e52483f00cf2.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc272023/", "id": "R42351_2013Nov13", "date": "2013-11-13", "retrieved": "2014-02-03T19:46:03", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides a definition regarding Internet governance and how the Internet is currently governed. The report discusses the role of United States government and future model of Internet governance.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20131113_R42351_e76af5bb6067c55d3707f9c733af057c86256c5e.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20131113_R42351_e76af5bb6067c55d3707f9c733af057c86256c5e.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Technology", "name": "Technology" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Computer networks", "name": "Computer networks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Internet", "name": "Internet" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government regulation", "name": "Government regulation" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc461968/", "id": "R42351_2013Jan02", "date": "2013-01-02", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "This report provides a definition regarding Internet governance and how the Internet is currently governed. The report discusses the role of United States government and future model of Internet governance.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130102_R42351_5812e98512fb837229ae246c0fd869c049f60624.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130102_R42351_5812e98512fb837229ae246c0fd869c049f60624.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Technology", "name": "Technology" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Computer networks", "name": "Computer networks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Internet", "name": "Internet" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Government regulation", "name": "Government regulation" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc817068/", "id": "R42351_2012Aug22", "date": "2012-08-22", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120822_R42351_19a810490b14a36989a2acfba98e9e3990bec3bc.pdf" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc87212/", "id": "R42351_2012Feb09", "date": "2012-02-09", "retrieved": "2012-07-03T07:51:21", "title": "Internet Governance and the Domain Name System: Issues for Congress", "summary": "As the Internet grows and becomes more pervasive in all aspects of modern society, the question of how it should be governed becomes more pressing. Currently, an important aspect of the Internet is governed by a private sector, international organization called the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), which manages and oversees some of the critical technical underpinnings of the Internet such as the domain name system and Internet Protocol (IP) addressing. ICANN makes its policy decisions using a multistakeholder model of governance, whereby a \u201cbottom-up\u201d collaborative process is open to all constituencies of Internet stakeholders. A key issue for Congress is whether and how the U.S. government should continue to maximize U.S. influence over ICANN's multistakeholder Internet governance process, while at the same time effectively resisting proposals for an increased role by international governmental institutions such as the U.N. \r\nThe outcome of this debate will likely have a significant impact on how other aspects of the Internet may be governed in the future, especially in such areas as intellectual property, privacy, \r\nlaw enforcement, Internet free speech, and cybersecurity. Looking forward, the institutional nature of Internet governance could have far reaching implications on important policy decisions \r\nthat will likely shape the future evolution of the Internet.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120209_R42351_8e4fd9328fcec7d96ff955899ea4ed8c189458e6.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120209_R42351_8e4fd9328fcec7d96ff955899ea4ed8c189458e6.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Technology", "name": "Technology" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Computer networks", "name": "Computer networks" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Internet", "name": "Internet" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Foreign Affairs", "Intelligence and National Security", "Internet and Telecommunications Policy", "National Defense", "Science and Technology Policy" ] }