{ "id": "R42467", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "R42467", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 457922, "date": "2016-12-30", "retrieved": "2017-01-03T22:36:06.485102", "title": "Legislative Options in the 114th Congress for Financing Water Infrastructure", "summary": "This report addresses several options considered by Congress to address the financing needs of local communities for wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects and to decrease or close the gap between available funds and projected needs. Some of the options exist and are well established, but they have been under discussion for expansion or modification. Other innovative policy options for water infrastructure have been proposed, especially to supplement or complement existing financing tools. Some are intended to provide robust, long-term revenue to support existing financing programs and mechanisms. Some are intended to encourage private participation in financing of drinking water and wastewater projects.\nSix options reflected in legislative proposals in the 114th Congress, including their federal budgetary implications, are discussed. \nIncrease funding for the State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs in the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act (S. 2532/S. 2583, H.R. 4653, and H.R. 4954).\nCreate a \u201cWater Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act\u201d Program, or WIFIA (P.L. 113-121 in the 113th Congress; several bills in the 114th Congress that proposed to establish a similar program for water reclamation and reuse projects in western states are H.R. 291/S. 176, S. 1837, S. 1894, and S. 2533/H.R. 5247).\nCreate a federal water infrastructure trust fund (H.R. 4468, H.R. 5313, and S. 2848).\nCreate a national infrastructure bank (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 413, H.R. 625, H.R. 3337, H.R. 3555, S. 268, and S. 1589).\nLift restrictions on private activity bonds for water infrastructure projects (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 499, S. 2606, and S. 2821). \nReinstate authority for the issuance of Build America Bonds (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 2676).\nA number of these options have been examined by congressional committees since the 112th Congress. A pilot program for one of them\u2014WIFIA\u2014was enacted in 2014. Nevertheless, interest in other financing options continues, in part due to long-standing concerns regarding the costs to repair aging and deteriorated U.S. infrastructure generally, and also in response to events in individual regions and cities, such as Flint, MI, where problems of elevated lead levels in its drinking water distribution system have recently drawn public attention.\nConsensus exists among many stakeholders\u2014state and local governments, equipment manufacturers and construction companies, and environmental advocates\u2014on the need for more investment in water infrastructure. There is no consensus supporting a preferred option or policy, and many advocate a combination that will expand the financing \u201ctoolbox\u201d for projects. Some of the options discussed in this report may be helpful, but there is no single method that will address needs fully or close the financing gap completely. For example, some may be helpful to projects in large urban or multijurisdictional areas, while others may be more beneficial in smaller communities. At least for the near term, communities will continue to rely on the existing SRF programs, tax-exempt governmental bonds, and tax-exempt private activity bonds to finance their water infrastructure needs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R42467", "sha1": "ae3620619eb5eb5b6e3581a9c0077d0869c02d3b", "filename": "files/20161230_R42467_ae3620619eb5eb5b6e3581a9c0077d0869c02d3b.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R42467", "sha1": "17e67edb895efc498ef42734c77122977b46d42e", "filename": "files/20161230_R42467_17e67edb895efc498ef42734c77122977b46d42e.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4929, "name": "Water Quality" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 453081, "date": "2016-06-01", "retrieved": "2016-06-21T21:11:10.182819", "title": "Legislative Options for Financing Water Infrastructure", "summary": "This report addresses several options considered by Congress to address the financing needs of local communities for wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects and to decrease or close the gap between available funds and projected needs. Some of the options exist and are well established, but they are under discussion for expansion or modification. Other innovative policy options for water infrastructure have been proposed, especially to supplement or complement existing financing tools. Some are intended to provide robust, long-term revenue to support existing financing programs and mechanisms. Some are intended to encourage private participation in financing of drinking water and wastewater projects.\nSix options that are reflected in recent legislative proposals, including their budgetary implications, are discussed.\nIncrease funding for the State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs in the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act (S. 2532/S. 2583, H.R. 4653, and H.R. 4954),\nCreate a \u201cWater Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act\u201d Program, or WIFIA (P.L. 113-121 in the 113th Congress; several bills in the 114th Congress that would establish a similar program for water reclamation and reuse projects in western states are H.R. 291/S. 176, S. 1837, S. 1894, and S. 2533/H.R. 5247),\nCreate a federal water infrastructure trust fund (H.R. 4468, H.R. 5313, and S. 2848),\nCreate a national infrastructure bank (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 413, H.R. 625, H.R. 3337, H.R. 3555, S. 268, and S. 1589),\nLift restrictions on private activity bonds for water infrastructure projects (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 499, S. 2606, and S. 2821), and\nReinstate authority for the issuance of Build America Bonds (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 2676).\nA number of these options have been examined by congressional committees since the 112th Congress. A pilot program for one of them\u2014WIFIA\u2014was enacted in 2014. Nevertheless, interest in other financing options continues, in part due to long-standing concerns with the costs to repair aging and deteriorated U.S. infrastructure generally, and also in response to events in individual regions and cities, such as Flint, MI, where problems of elevated lead levels in its water distribution system have recently drawn public attention.\nConsensus exists among many stakeholders\u2014state and local governments, equipment manufacturers and construction companies, and environmental advocates\u2014on the need for more investment in water infrastructure. There is no consensus supporting a preferred option or policy, and many advocate a combination that will expand the financing \u201ctoolbox\u201d for projects. Some of the options discussed in this report may be helpful, but there is no single method that will address needs fully or close the financing gap completely. For example, some may be helpful to projects in large urban or multi-jurisdictional areas, while others may be more beneficial in smaller communities. 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Some of the options exist and are well established, but they are under discussion for expansion or modification. Other innovative policy options for water infrastructure have been proposed, especially to supplement or complement existing financing tools. Some are intended to provide robust, long-term revenue to support existing financing programs and mechanisms. Some are intended to encourage private participation in financing of drinking water and wastewater projects.\nSix options that are reflected in recent legislative proposals, including their budgetary implications, are discussed.\nIncrease funding for the State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs in the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act (S. 2532/S. 2583, H.R. 4653, and H.R. 4954),\nCreate a \u201cWater Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act\u201d Program, or WIFIA (P.L. 113-121 in the 113th Congress; several bills in the 114th Congress that would establish a similar program for water reclamation and reuse projects in western states are H.R. 291/S. 176, S. 1837, S. 1894, and S. 2533),\nCreate a federal water infrastructure trust fund (H.R. 4468 and S. 2848),\nCreate a national infrastructure bank (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 413, H.R. 625, H.R. 3337, H.R. 3555, S. 268, and S. 1589),\nLift restrictions on private activity bonds for water infrastructure projects (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 499 and S. 2606), and\nReinstate authority for the issuance of Build America Bonds (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 2676).\nA number of these options have been examined by congressional committees since the 112th Congress. A pilot program for one of them\u2014WIFIA\u2014was enacted in 2014. Nevertheless, interest in other financing options continues, in part due to long-standing concerns with the costs to repair aging and deteriorated U.S. infrastructure generally, and also in response to events in individual regions and cities, such as Flint, MI, where problems of elevated lead levels in its water distribution system have recently drawn public attention.\nConsensus exists among many stakeholders\u2014state and local governments, equipment manufacturers and construction companies, and environmental advocates\u2014on the need for more investment in water infrastructure. There is no consensus supporting a preferred option or policy, and many advocate a combination that will expand the financing \u201ctoolbox\u201d for projects. Some of the options discussed in this report may be helpful, but there is no single method that will address needs fully or close the financing gap completely. For example, some may be helpful to projects in large urban or multi-jurisdictional areas, while others may be more beneficial in smaller communities. At least for the near term, communities will continue to rely on the existing SRF programs, tax-exempt governmental bonds, and tax-exempt private activity bonds to finance their water infrastructure needs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R42467", "sha1": "adbfa74df6ed604c49f2451cbe5a798ccc585d97", "filename": "files/20160427_R42467_adbfa74df6ed604c49f2451cbe5a798ccc585d97.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R42467", "sha1": "08f16e4047f8b5c6b3cf139a2c1ec6c69572a801", "filename": "files/20160427_R42467_08f16e4047f8b5c6b3cf139a2c1ec6c69572a801.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 2647, "name": "Water Quality Protection" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 451517, "date": "2016-04-08", "retrieved": "2016-04-12T15:43:18.009388", "title": "Legislative Options for Financing Water Infrastructure", "summary": "This report addresses several options considered by Congress to address the financing needs of local communities for wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects and to decrease or close the gap between available funds and projected needs. Some of the options exist and are well established, but they are under discussion for expansion or modification. Other innovative policy options for water infrastructure have been proposed, especially to supplement or complement existing financing tools. Some are intended to provide robust, long-term revenue to support existing financing programs and mechanisms. Some are intended to encourage private participation in financing of drinking water and wastewater projects.\nSix options that are reflected in recent legislative proposals, including their budgetary implications, are discussed.\nIncrease funding for the State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs in the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act (S. 2532/S. 2583 and H.R. 4653),\nCreate a \u201cWater Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act\u201d Program, or WIFIA (P.L. 113-121 in the 113th Congress; several bills in the 114th Congress that would establish a similar program for water reclamation and reuse projects in western states are H.R. 291/S. 176, S. 1894, and S. 2533),\nCreate a federal water infrastructure trust fund (H.R. 4468),\nCreate a national infrastructure bank (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 413, H.R. 625, H.R. 3337, H.R. 3555, S. 268, and S. 1589),\nLift restrictions on private activity bonds for water infrastructure projects (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 499 and S. 2606), and\nReinstate authority for the issuance of Build America Bonds (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 2676 ).\nA number of these options have been examined by congressional committees since the 112th Congress. A pilot program for one of them\u2014WIFIA\u2014was enacted in 2014. Nevertheless, interest in other financing options continues, in part due to long-standing concerns with the costs to repair aging and deteriorated U.S. infrastructure generally, and also in response to events in individual regions and cities, such as Flint, MI, where problems of elevated lead levels in its water distribution system have recently drawn public attention.\nConsensus exists among many stakeholders\u2014state and local governments, equipment manufacturers and construction companies, and environmental advocates\u2014on the need for more investment in water infrastructure. There is no consensus supporting a preferred option or policy, and many advocate a combination that will expand the financing \u201ctoolbox\u201d for projects. Some of the options discussed in this report may be helpful, but there is no single method that will address needs fully or close the financing gap completely. For example, some may be helpful to projects in large urban or multi-jurisdictional areas, while others may be more beneficial in smaller communities. At least for the near term, communities will continue to rely on the existing SRF programs, tax-exempt governmental bonds, and tax-exempt private activity bonds to finance their water infrastructure needs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R42467", "sha1": "9b983f9548597ee689461f368de17855e58b41ba", "filename": "files/20160408_R42467_9b983f9548597ee689461f368de17855e58b41ba.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R42467", "sha1": "a92bb7fe2b0f9fb14854045a73d7173b5ef66da2", "filename": "files/20160408_R42467_a92bb7fe2b0f9fb14854045a73d7173b5ef66da2.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 2647, "name": "Water Quality Protection" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 450068, "date": "2016-02-22", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:05:20.727931", "title": "Legislative Options for Financing Water Infrastructure", "summary": "This report addresses several options considered by Congress to address the financing needs of local communities for wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects and to decrease or close the gap between available funds and projected needs. Some of the options exist and are well established, but they are under discussion for expansion or modification. Other innovative policy options for water infrastructure have been proposed, especially to supplement or complement existing financing tools. Some are intended to provide robust, long-term revenue to support existing financing programs and mechanisms. Some are intended to encourage private participation in financing of drinking water and wastewater projects.\nSix options that are reflected in recent legislative proposals, including their budgetary implications, are discussed.\nIncrease funding for the State Revolving Fund (SRF) programs in the Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act (S. 2532),\nCreate a \u201cWater Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act\u201d Program, or WIFIA (P.L. 113-121 in the 113th Congress; several bills in the 114th Congress that would establish a similar program for water reclamation and reuse projects in western states are H.R. 291/S. 176, S. 1894, and S. 2533),\nCreate a federal water infrastructure trust fund (H.R. 4468),\nCreate a national infrastructure bank (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 413, H.R. 625, H.R. 3337, H.R. 3555, S. 268, and S. 1589),\nLift restrictions on private activity bonds for water infrastructure projects (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 499), and\nReinstate authority for the issuance of Build America Bonds (included in the Administration\u2019s FY2017 budget request and H.R. 2676 ).\nA number of these options have been examined by congressional committees since the 112th Congress. A pilot program for one of them\u2014WIFIA\u2014was enacted in 2014. Nevertheless, interest in other financing options continues, in part due to long-standing concerns with the costs to repair aging and deteriorated U.S. infrastructure generally, and also in response to events in individual regions and cities, such as Flint, MI, where problems of elevated lead levels in its water distribution system have recently drawn public attention.\nConsensus exists among many stakeholders\u2014state and local governments, equipment manufacturers and construction companies, and environmental advocates\u2014on the need for more investment in water infrastructure. There is no consensus supporting a preferred option or policy, and many advocate a combination that will expand the financing \u201ctoolbox\u201d for projects. Some of the options discussed in this report may be helpful, but there is no single method that will address needs fully or close the financing gap completely. For example, some may be helpful to projects in large urban or multi-jurisdictional areas, while others may be more beneficial in smaller communities. At least for the near term, communities will continue to rely on the existing SRF programs, tax-exempt governmental bonds, and tax-exempt private activity bonds to finance their water infrastructure needs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R42467", "sha1": "fb8e32c2ce43f3564e244696c778562b03be0476", "filename": "files/20160222_R42467_fb8e32c2ce43f3564e244696c778562b03be0476.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R42467", "sha1": "8781b61ee1054704e69bfee2d0f38beeae6b80ee", "filename": "files/20160222_R42467_8781b61ee1054704e69bfee2d0f38beeae6b80ee.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 2647, "name": "Water Quality Protection" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc824562/", "id": "R42467_2016Feb18", "date": "2016-02-18", "retrieved": "2016-04-04T14:48:17", "title": "Legislative Options for Financing Water Infrastructure", "summary": "This report addresses several options considered by Congress to address the financing needs of local communities for wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects and to decrease or close the gap between available funds and projected needs. Possible options include expanding or modifying current programs, establishing long-term revenue to support programs, or encouraging private participation in financing projects.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20160218_R42467_4655cdb75520545b27df99e80a91dc76662597f3.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20160218_R42467_4655cdb75520545b27df99e80a91dc76662597f3.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water allocation (Policy)", "name": "Water allocation (Policy)" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water Law and legislation", "name": "Water Law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Waste water", "name": "Waste water" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc817263/", "id": "R42467_2014May16", "date": "2014-05-16", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Legislative Options 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close the gap between available funds and projected needs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140317_R42467_6245210a04ecc8a4ad4055b727fb2f76f6d60c55.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140317_R42467_6245210a04ecc8a4ad4055b727fb2f76f6d60c55.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water allocation (Policy)", "name": "Water allocation (Policy)" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water law and legislation", "name": "Water law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Waste water", "name": "Waste water" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc272029/", "id": "R42467_2013Nov27", "date": "2013-11-27", "retrieved": "2014-02-03T19:46:03", "title": "Legislative Options for Financing Water Infrastructure", "summary": "This report addresses several options being considered by Congress to address the financing needs of local communities for wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects and to decrease or close the gap between available funds and projected needs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20131127_R42467_02618fe8044d5c15bcb77295fe66d9fe907b62ea.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20131127_R42467_02618fe8044d5c15bcb77295fe66d9fe907b62ea.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water allocation (Policy)", "name": "Water allocation (Policy)" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water law and legislation", "name": "Water law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Waste water", "name": "Waste water" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227753/", "id": "R42467_2013Jun03", "date": "2013-06-03", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "Legislative Options for Financing Water Infrastructure", "summary": "Report that addresses several options considered by Congress to address the financing needs of local communities for wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects and to decrease or close the gap between available funds and projected needs.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130603_R42467_cf39741c8e2acf1e996e1ea69a655309bc486c7a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130603_R42467_cf39741c8e2acf1e996e1ea69a655309bc486c7a.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water law and legislation", "name": "Water law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water allocation (Policy)", "name": "Water allocation (Policy)" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water allocation (Policy)", "name": "Water allocation (Policy)" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": 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infrastructure projects and to decrease or close the gap between available funds and projected needs. Six options that are reflected in current or recent legislative proposals, including budgetary implications, are discussed.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120403_R42467_f028535784a6a388969eb4c86a76abec7b1f12f4.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120403_R42467_f028535784a6a388969eb4c86a76abec7b1f12f4.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water resources", "name": "Water resources" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Potable water", "name": "Potable water" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Waste water", "name": "Waste water" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Water law and legislation", "name": "Water law and legislation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Infrastructure", "name": "Infrastructure" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Economic Policy", "Environmental Policy", "Transportation Policy" ] }