{
  "id": "R42516",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "R42516",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 429505,
      "date": "2012-05-04",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T00:07:43.774982",
      "title": "Clarifying the Concept of \u201cPartnership\u201d in National Security: In Brief",
      "summary": "Over the last few years, the term partnership has spread like wildfire through official U.S. national security guidance documents and rhetoric. At the Department of Defense (DOD), which spearheaded the proliferation of the use of the term, partnership has been used to refer to a broad array of civilian as well as military activities in support of national security. At other U.S. government agencies, and at the White House, the use of the term partnership has been echoed and applied even more broadlynot only in the national security arena, but also to all facets of U.S. relationships with foreign partners.\nPartnership is not new in either theory or practice. To illustrate, U.S. strategy during the Cold War called for working with formal Allies, through combined planning and the development of interoperable capabilities, in order to deter and if necessary defeat a Soviet threat. And it called for working with partners in the developing world to cultivate the allegiance of states and societies to the West, and to bolster their resistance to Soviet influence. Congress provided oversight in the forms of policy direction, resources and authorities for programs ranging from weapons sales to combined military exercises to cultural exchanges, and accountability. \nNew in recent years is both the profusion of the use of the term partnership andin the aftermath of both the Cold War and the first post-9/11 decadea much less singular focus for U.S. global engagement. Recent defense and national strategic guidance clearly conveys the view that partnership is good. But as a rule, it provides much less sense of what partnership is designed to achieve and how that protects U.S. interests, it does not clearly indicate how to prioritize among partnership activities, it does not assign specific roles and responsibilities for partnership across the U.S. government, and it does not indicate how to judge whether partnership is working.",
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      "typeId": "REPORTS",
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      "topics": []
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}