{ "id": "R42523", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "R42523", "active": false, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 429422, "date": "2013-06-07", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T23:23:40.733704", "title": "Peru: Overview of Political and Economic Conditions and Relations with the United States", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Peru\u2019s government and economy and a discussion of issues in relations between the United States and Peru.\nPeru and the United States have a strong and cooperative relationship. Several issues in U.S.-Peru relations are likely to be considered in decisions by Congress and the Administration on future aid to and cooperation with Peru. The United States supports the strengthening of Peru\u2019s democratic institutions, its respect for human rights, environmental protection, and counternarcotics efforts. A dominant theme in bilateral relations is the effort to stem the flow of illegal drugs, mostly cocaine, between the two countries. In the economic realm, the United States supports bilateral trade relations and Peru\u2019s further integration into the world economy. The United States is Peru\u2019s top trading partner. The U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA) went into effect in February 2009. The Obama Administration requested $73 million in foreign assistance for Peru for FY2014 to advance these objectives.\nOllanta Humala, of the left-wing Gana Peru, was sworn in as Peru\u2019s president in July 2011 for a five-year term. Gana Peru initially won 47 seats out of the 130 seats in the unicameral Congress, requiring Humala to rely on political alliances with lesser parties in order to pass legislation. As Humala has moderated his stance, he has lost left-leaning allies within his and other parties. Deep social divides over how to pursue development continue to undercut political stability. The more radical elements of Humala\u2019s original support base and his party urge the pursuit of more leftist policies, such as nationalization of strategic industries, which Humala called for during the election campaign. Forces that resist more radical policies include a strong business sector; a conservative, wealthy elite; a centrist middle class; and a divided Congress. Social unrest, especially over exploitation of natural resources, remains a challenge for the Humala government. It has established an office of conflict prevention and taken other actions to reduce social conflict. \nSince 2001 Peru\u2019s economy has been stronger than all others in the region, with its growth due mostly to the export of natural resources. High economic growth, along with social programs, has helped to lower Peru\u2019s overall poverty rates. Nonetheless, in some jungle, mountain, and rural areas of the country, over 60% of the population continue to live in poverty. The income distribution gap remains quite large as well. This economic disparity has contributed to rising social unrest. President Humala submitted, and the legislature approved, a bill increasing royalties mining companies must pay. The government estimates the royalties will generate about US$1 billion a year, which it will use to finance social development programs intended to narrow both the social divide and the economic distribution gap.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R42523", "sha1": "c200bd644f20da593fe4b5d9563844b49b5271a8", "filename": "files/20130607_R42523_c200bd644f20da593fe4b5d9563844b49b5271a8.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R42523", "sha1": "f388ae3fc217b42dc9e5de7321aef206decb774a", "filename": "files/20130607_R42523_f388ae3fc217b42dc9e5de7321aef206decb774a.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc461897/", "id": "R42523_2013Jan23", "date": "2013-01-23", "retrieved": "2014-12-05T09:57:41", "title": "Peru in Brief: Political and Economic Conditions and Relations with the United States", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Peru's government and economy and a discussion of issues in relations between the United States and Peru.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20130123_R42523_94b317d0eb3690b790b1d89f10b4675f2eb988de.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20130123_R42523_94b317d0eb3690b790b1d89f10b4675f2eb988de.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relations", "name": "International relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International trade", "name": "International trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade", "name": "Foreign trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade policy", "name": "Foreign trade policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade regulation", "name": "Foreign trade regulation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations", "name": "Foreign economic relations" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc814456/", "id": "R42523_2012Oct18", "date": "2012-10-18", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Peru in Brief: Political and Economic Conditions and Relations with the United States", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20121018_R42523_4f4811da4ca44d4c28d4e8b3e2b693f6625c9871.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20121018_R42523_4f4811da4ca44d4c28d4e8b3e2b693f6625c9871.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc85425/", "id": "R42523_2012Apr10", "date": "2012-04-10", "retrieved": "2012-06-06T14:34:05", "title": "Peru in Brief: Political and Economic Conditions and Relations with the United States", "summary": "This report provides an overview of Peru's government and economy and a discussion of issues in relations between the United States and Peru.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20120410_R42523_66a519d8d25b631fbd2ab7f7dd5ac5d061b269f3.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20120410_R42523_66a519d8d25b631fbd2ab7f7dd5ac5d061b269f3.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "International relations", "name": "International relations" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "International trade", "name": "International trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade", "name": "Foreign trade" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade policy", "name": "Foreign trade policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign trade regulation", "name": "Foreign trade regulation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign economic relations", "name": "Foreign economic relations" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Foreign Affairs", "Intelligence and National Security", "National Defense" ] }