{
  "id": "R43480",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "R43480",
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  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
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      "id": 587710,
      "date": "2016-07-14",
      "retrieved": "2020-01-02T15:38:34.364907",
      "title": "Iran-North Korea-Syria Ballistic Missile and Nuclear Cooperation",
      "summary": "Congress has at times expressed concern regarding ballistic missile and nuclear programs in Iran, North Korea, and Syria. This report focuses primarily on unclassified and declassified U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) assessments over the past two decades. These assessments indicate that \nthere is no evidence that Iran and North Korea have engaged in nuclear-related trade or cooperation with each other, although ballistic missile technology cooperation between the two is significant and meaningful, and\nSyria has received ballistic missiles and related technology from North Korea and Iran and also engaged in nuclear technology cooperation with North Korea.\nAll three countries discussed in this report have short-range ballistic missiles. Iran and North Korea also have medium-range ballistic missiles; North Korea has intermediate-range ballistic missiles as well. North Korea has tested nuclear weapons on three occasions; Iran and Syria\u2019s nuclear programs have raised suspicions that those countries are pursuing nuclear weapons. However, Iran has, according to the IC, halted its nuclear weapons program, and Syria does not appear to have an active nuclear weapons program.\nCongress has held numerous hearings regarding these countries\u2019 nuclear and missile programs. It has also passed legislation providing for sanctions on countries whose entities assist Iran, North Korea, and Syria to obtain weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missile delivery systems. For example, the Iran, North Korea and Syria Nonproliferation Act (INKSNA, P.L. 106-178) imposes penalties on countries whose companies\u2019 exports assist the efforts of Iran, North Korea, and Syria to acquire WMD and missile delivery systems. \nCongress has also established reporting requirements concerning these countries\u2019 missile and nuclear programs. Congress may wish to consider requiring additional reporting from the executive branch on WMD proliferation because the number of unclassified reports to Congress on WMD-related issues has decreased considerably in recent years.\nThis report describes the key elements of a nuclear weapons program; explains the available information regarding cooperation among Iran, North Korea, and Syria on ballistic missiles and nuclear technology; and discusses some specific issues for Congress.",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4873,
          "name": "Strategic Forces, CBRN, & Nonproliferation"
        },
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4903,
          "name": "Strategy, Operations, & Emerging Threats"
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      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 450256,
      "date": "2016-02-26",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:00:33.672228",
      "title": "Iran-North Korea-Syria Ballistic Missile and Nuclear Cooperation",
      "summary": "Congress has at times expressed concern regarding ballistic missile and nuclear programs in Iran, North Korea, and Syria. This report focuses primarily on unclassified and declassified U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) assessments over the past two decades. These assessments indicate that \nthere is no evidence that Iran and North Korea have engaged in nuclear-related trade or cooperation with each other, although ballistic missile technology cooperation between the two is significant and meaningful, and\nSyria has received ballistic missiles and related technology from North Korea and Iran and also engaged in nuclear technology cooperation with North Korea.\nAll three countries discussed in this report have short-range ballistic missiles. Iran and North Korea also have medium-range ballistic missiles; North Korea has intermediate-range ballistic missiles as well. North Korea has tested nuclear weapons on three occasions; Iran and Syria\u2019s nuclear programs have raised suspicions that those countries are pursuing nuclear weapons. However, Iran has, according to the IC, halted its nuclear weapons program, and Syria does not appear to have an active nuclear weapons program.\nCongress has held numerous hearings regarding these countries\u2019 nuclear and missile programs. It has also passed legislation providing for sanctions on countries whose entities assist Iran, North Korea, and Syria to obtain weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and missile delivery systems. For example, the Iran, North Korea and Syria Nonproliferation Act (INKSNA, P.L. 106-178) imposes penalties on countries whose companies\u2019 exports assist the efforts of Iran, North Korea, and Syria to acquire WMD and missile delivery systems. \nCongress has also established reporting requirements concerning these countries\u2019 missile and nuclear programs. Congress may wish to consider requiring additional reporting from the executive branch on WMD proliferation because the number of unclassified reports to Congress on WMD-related issues has decreased considerably in recent years.\nThis report describes the key elements of a nuclear weapons program; explains the available information regarding cooperation among Iran, North Korea, and Syria on ballistic missiles and nuclear technology; and discusses some specific issues for Congress.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 280,
          "name": "Korean Peninsula and Japan"
        },
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 3227,
          "name": "Proliferation and Arms Control"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811658/",
      "id": "R43480_2015May11",
      "date": "2015-05-11",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Iran-North Korea-Syria Ballistic Missile and Nuclear Cooperation",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc287928/",
      "id": "R43480_2014Apr16",
      "date": "2014-04-16",
      "retrieved": "2014-06-05T20:55:02",
      "title": "Iran-North Korea-Syria Ballistic Missile and Nuclear Cooperation",
      "summary": "This report describes the key elements of a nuclear weapons program; explains the available information regarding cooperation among Iran, North Korea, and Syria on ballistic missiles and nuclear technology; and discusses some specific issues for Congress.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Weapons systems",
          "name": "Weapons systems"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Cruise missiles",
          "name": "Cruise missiles"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Ballistic missiles",
          "name": "Ballistic missiles"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Nuclear weapons",
          "name": "Nuclear weapons"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}