{ "id": "R43792", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R43792", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "State Minimum Wages: An Overview", "retrieved": "2023-04-07T04:03:38.740685", "id": "R43792_22_2023-03-02", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2023-03-02_R43792_bd7c6b9cf9ea3b2a069d573a9ec1becada597f91.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43792/22", "sha1": "bd7c6b9cf9ea3b2a069d573a9ec1becada597f91" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-03-02_R43792_bd7c6b9cf9ea3b2a069d573a9ec1becada597f91.html" } ], "date": "2023-03-02", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R43792", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "State Minimum Wages: An Overview", "retrieved": "2023-04-07T04:03:38.739961", "id": "R43792_21_2022-09-02", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2022-09-02_R43792_740d11fe83ea436b68ca47625a2c6870c1c37ff2.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43792/21", "sha1": "740d11fe83ea436b68ca47625a2c6870c1c37ff2" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2022-09-02_R43792_740d11fe83ea436b68ca47625a2c6870c1c37ff2.html" } ], "date": "2022-09-02", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R43792", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "State Minimum Wages: An Overview", "retrieved": "2023-04-07T04:03:38.739342", "id": "R43792_20_2020-12-22", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2020-12-22_R43792_993212993e5d07a4b5e930133731737393c8b619.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43792/20", "sha1": "993212993e5d07a4b5e930133731737393c8b619" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2020-12-22_R43792_993212993e5d07a4b5e930133731737393c8b619.html" } ], "date": "2020-12-22", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R43792", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "State Minimum Wages: An Overview", "retrieved": "2023-04-07T04:03:38.738665", "id": "R43792_19_2020-10-16", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2020-10-16_R43792_07f4fcae85f9c7a387143a269a2a9502689983a2.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R43792/19", "sha1": "07f4fcae85f9c7a387143a269a2a9502689983a2" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2020-10-16_R43792_07f4fcae85f9c7a387143a269a2a9502689983a2.html" } ], "date": "2020-10-16", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R43792", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 607180, "date": "2019-11-01", "retrieved": "2019-11-07T23:20:20.326805", "title": "State Minimum Wages: An Overview", "summary": "The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938, is the federal law that establishes the general minimum wage that must be paid to all covered workers. While the FLSA mandates broad minimum wage coverage, states have the option of establishing minimum wage rates that are different from those set in it. Under the provisions of the FLSA, an individual is generally covered by the higher of the state or federal minimum wage.\nAs of 2020, minimum wage rates are above the federal rate of $7.25 per hour in 29 states and the District of Columbia, ranging from $1.31 to $7.75 above the federal rate. Another 14 states have minimum wage rates equal to the federal rate. The remaining 7 states have minimum wage rates below the federal rate or do not have a state minimum wage requirement. In the states with no minimum wage requirements or wages lower than the federal minimum wage, only individuals who are not covered by the FLSA are subject to those lower rates.\nIn any given year, the exact number of states with a minimum wage rate above the federal rate may vary, depending on the interaction between the federal rate and the mechanisms in place to adjust the state minimum wage. Adjusting minimum wage rates is typically done in one of two ways: (1) legislatively scheduled rate increases that may include one or several increments; (2) a measure of inflation to index the value of the minimum wage to the general change in prices.\nOf the 29 states and the District of Columbia with minimum wage rates above the federal rate, 5 currently have no scheduled increases beyond 2020, 7 states have legislatively scheduled rate increases only after 2020, and 17 states and the District of Columbia have scheduled increases through a combination of planned increases and current- or future-year indexation of state minimum wage rates to a measure of inflation. In addition, currently six states\u2014California, Connecticut, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey\u2014and the District of Columbia have scheduled rate increases to $15.00 per hour at some point between 2020 and 2025.\nBecause the federal and state minimum wage rates change at various times and in various increments, the share of the labor force for which the federal rate is the binding wage floor has changed over time. Since 1981, there have been three series of increases in the federal minimum wage rate\u20141990-1991, 1996-1997, and 2007-2009. During that same period, there have been numerous changes in state minimum wage policies. As a result of those interactions, the share of the U.S. civilian labor force living in states in which the federal minimum wage is the floor has fluctuated but generally declined, and is about 39% as of 2019.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R43792", "sha1": "85be659b3d536d64e451753bce1501941940e46c", "filename": "files/20191101_R43792_85be659b3d536d64e451753bce1501941940e46c.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R43792_files&id=/2.png": "files/20191101_R43792_images_278f52b525be78f6c5baac2d23f8059f5d39bb32.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R43792_files&id=/0.png": "files/20191101_R43792_images_42aa4259753d2f5046700ce70e786603254c7d74.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R43792_files&id=/1.png": "files/20191101_R43792_images_7d0aaab7b1946d618fbd6c88b8031dc6ae3bbd3d.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R43792", "sha1": "e1bf4ffffa7181ee14b8f31da90fe4065e988144", "filename": "files/20191101_R43792_e1bf4ffffa7181ee14b8f31da90fe4065e988144.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4768, "name": "Wages & Benefits" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4942, "name": "Labor Standards" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 590296, "date": "2019-01-25", "retrieved": "2019-04-17T14:30:14.600582", "title": "State Minimum Wages: An Overview", "summary": "The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938, is the federal legislation that establishes the general minimum wage that must be paid to all covered workers. While the FLSA mandates broad minimum wage coverage, states have the option of establishing minimum wage rates that are different from those set in it. Under the provisions of the FLSA, an individual is generally covered by the higher of the state or federal minimum wage.\nAs of 2019, minimum wage rates are above the federal rate of $7.25 per hour in 29 states and the District of Columbia, ranging from $0.25 to $6.75 above the federal rate. Another 14 states have minimum wage rates equal to the federal rate. The remaining 7 states have minimum wage rates below the federal rate or do not have a state minimum wage requirement. In the states with no minimum wage requirements or wages lower than the federal minimum wage, only individuals who are not covered by the FLSA are subject to those lower rates.\nIn any given year, the exact number of states with a minimum wage rate above the federal rate may vary, depending on the interaction between the federal rate and the mechanisms in place to adjust the state minimum wage. Adjusting minimum wage rates is typically done in one of two ways: (1) legislatively scheduled rate increases that may include one or several increments; (2) a measure of inflation to index the value of the minimum wage to the general change in prices.\nOf the 29 states and the District of Columbia with minimum wage rates above the federal rate, 9 currently have no scheduled increases beyond 2019, 3 states have legislatively scheduled rate increases after 2019, and 17 states and the District of Columbia have scheduled increases through a combination of planned increases and current- or future-year indexation of state minimum wage rates to a measure of inflation.\nBecause the federal and state minimum wage rates change at various times and in various increments, the share of the labor force for which the federal rate is the binding wage floor has changed over time. Since 1981, there have been three series of increases in the federal minimum wage rate\u20141990-1991, 1996-1997, and 2007-2009. During that same period, there have been numerous changes in state minimum wage policies. As a result of those interactions, the share of the U.S. civilian labor force living in states in which the federal minimum wage is the floor has fluctuated but generally declined, and is about 39% as of 2018.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R43792", "sha1": "536abec2ca5bac2009d40fd96d38f17b174bba15", "filename": "files/20190125_R43792_536abec2ca5bac2009d40fd96d38f17b174bba15.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R43792_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190125_R43792_images_d87c7dcdf9afc73971c3b1e07ec308c67ed26336.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R43792_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190125_R43792_images_90c046e1fc6d5004a046058b2234adcafc692e50.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R43792_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190125_R43792_images_d85d4feb85f21a089c3b334d34b7cfd248be7376.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R43792", "sha1": "813375bbd8782bad4e26eef9d9b4473da01c5c24", "filename": "files/20190125_R43792_813375bbd8782bad4e26eef9d9b4473da01c5c24.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4768, "name": "Wages & Benefits" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4942, "name": "Labor Standards" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 585076, "date": "2018-02-28", "retrieved": "2018-10-06T00:37:01.987636", "title": "State Minimum Wages: An Overview", "summary": "The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938, is the federal legislation that establishes the general minimum wage that must be paid to all covered workers. While the FLSA mandates broad minimum wage coverage, states have the option of establishing minimum wage rates that are different from those set in it. Under the provisions of the FLSA, an individual is generally covered by the higher of the state or federal minimum wage.\nAs of 2018, 29 states and the District of Columbia have minimum wage rates above the federal rate of $7.25 per hour, with rates ranging from $0.25 to $6.00 above the federal rate. Two states have minimum wage rates below the federal rate and five states have no state minimum wage requirement. The remaining 14 states have minimum wage rates equal to the federal rate.\nIn any given year, the exact number of states with a minimum wage rate above the federal rate may vary, depending on the interaction between the federal rate and the mechanisms in place to adjust the state minimum wage. Adjusting minimum wage rates is typically done in one of two ways: (1) legislatively scheduled rate increases that may include one or several increments; (2) a measure of inflation to index the value of the minimum wage to the general change in prices.\nOf the 29 states and the District of Columbia with minimum wage rates above the federal rate, 10 currently have no scheduled increases beyond 2018, while 9 states have legislatively scheduled rate increases after 2018. A total of 11 states and the District of Columbia currently, or will in a future year, index state minimum wage rates to a measure of inflation.\nBecause the federal and state minimum wage rates change at various times and in various increments, the share of the labor force for which the federal rate is the binding wage floor has changed over time. Since 1981, there have been three series of increases in the federal minimum wage rate\u20141990-1991, 1996-1997, and 2007-2009. During that same period, there have been numerous changes in state minimum wage policies. As a result of those interactions, the share of the U.S. civilian labor force living in states in which the federal minimum wage is the floor has fluctuated but generally declined, and is about 39% as of 2017.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R43792", "sha1": "9be7854a5d3e21ac943d175796acbe9b47d99693", "filename": "files/20180228_R43792_9be7854a5d3e21ac943d175796acbe9b47d99693.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R43792_files&id=/2.png": "files/20180228_R43792_images_d274d107c278709aa26680da1165b1a180f19ce6.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R43792_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180228_R43792_images_2b39569eba47178b2228aed76462b20393a6d7a9.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R43792_files&id=/1.png": "files/20180228_R43792_images_ada3abbf5267c6d4c5070e748e821b069f00799e.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R43792", "sha1": "d4b20e34918cb08943cdf1c5c01deb91ac329ca8", "filename": "files/20180228_R43792_d4b20e34918cb08943cdf1c5c01deb91ac329ca8.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4768, "name": "Wages & Benefits" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4942, "name": "Labor Standards" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 449418, "date": "2016-02-03", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:19:18.843734", "title": "State Minimum Wages: An Overview", "summary": "The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), enacted in 1938, is the federal legislation that establishes the general minimum wage that must be paid to all covered workers. While the FLSA mandates broad minimum wage coverage, states have the option of establishing minimum wage rates that are different from those set in it. Under the provisions of the FLSA, an individual is generally covered by the higher of the state or federal minimum wage.\nAs of 2016, 29 states and the District of Columbia have minimum wage rates above the federal rate of $7.25 per hour, with rates ranging from $0.25 to $4.25 above the federal rate. Two states have minimum wage rates below the federal rate and five states have no state minimum wage requirement. The remaining 14 states have minimum wage rates equal to the federal rate.\nIn any given year, the exact number of states with a minimum wage rate above the federal rate may vary, depending on the interaction between the federal rate and the mechanisms in place to adjust the state minimum wage. Adjusting minimum wage rates is typically done in one of two ways: (1) legislatively scheduled rate increases that may include one or several increments; (2) a measure of inflation to index the value of the minimum wage to the general change in prices.\nOf the 29 states and DC with minimum wage rates above the federal rate, 9 currently have no scheduled increases beyond 2016, while 5 states have legislatively scheduled rate increases after 2016. A total of 15 states and DC currently, or will in a future year, index state minimum wage rates to a measure of inflation.\nBecause the federal and state minimum wage rates change at various times and in various increments, the share of the labor force for which the federal rate is the binding wage floor has changed over time. Since 1981, there have been three series of increases in the federal minimum wage rate\u20141990-1991, 1996-1997, and 2007-2009. During that same period, there have been numerous changes in state minimum wage policies. As a result of those interactions, the share of the U.S. civilian labor force living in states in which the federal minimum wage is the floor has fluctuated but generally declined, and is about 39% as of 2015.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R43792", "sha1": "3eb92bf7552097107a4a01840b9dd046c98493c9", "filename": "files/20160203_R43792_3eb92bf7552097107a4a01840b9dd046c98493c9.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R43792", "sha1": "bbb1fcf6572dd49990c37ee50437602c0250997d", "filename": "files/20160203_R43792_bbb1fcf6572dd49990c37ee50437602c0250997d.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 2773, "name": "Income, Wealth, and Poverty" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 3375, "name": "Labor Standards and Labor Relations" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc807942/", "id": "R43792_2015Jan02", "date": "2015-01-02", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "State Minimum Wages: An Overview", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150102_R43792_528facfdc1d5093ba7a611fd268e137380cf7ceb.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150102_R43792_528facfdc1d5093ba7a611fd268e137380cf7ceb.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491514/", "id": "R43792_2014Nov18", "date": "2014-11-18", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "State Minimum Wages: An Overview", "summary": "This report begins with a brief discussion of Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) minimum wage coverage. It then provides a summary of state minimum wage laws, followed by an examination of rates and mechanisms of adjustments in states with minimum wage levels above the FLSA rate. The report also discusses the interaction of federal and state minimum wages over time.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20141118_R43792_55ebaa1aba3f236539b88ae5750c58e12b999b0a.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20141118_R43792_55ebaa1aba3f236539b88ae5750c58e12b999b0a.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Labor", "name": "Labor" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Wages", "name": "Wages" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Minimum wages", "name": "Minimum wages" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Economic Policy" ] }