{ "id": "R43898", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "R43898", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 451431, "date": "2016-03-30", "retrieved": "2016-04-07T17:31:59.765029", "title": "Tax Provisions that Expired in 2014 (\u201cTax Extenders\u201d)", "summary": "In the past, Congress has regularly acted to extend expired or expiring temporary tax provisions. Collectively, these temporary tax provisions are often referred to as \u201ctax extenders.\u201d Fifty-two temporary tax provisions expired at the end of 2014. All of these provisions were either temporarily or permanently extended as part of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016 (P.L. 114-113), signed into law on December 18, 2015. Unlike previous tax extenders legislation, P.L. 114-113 made a number of provisions permanent, and provided longer-term extensions for other provisions. This report provides a broad overview of the tax extenders. \nCongress had previously addressed tax extenders toward the end of the 113th Congress. The Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (P.L. 113-295), signed into law on December 19, 2014, made tax provisions that had expired at the end of 2013 available to taxpayers for the 2014 tax year. The law extended most (but not all) provisions that had expired at the end of 2013. Most of the provisions in P.L. 113-295 had been included in previous \u201ctax extender\u201d packages.\nThere are several reasons why Congress may choose to enact tax provisions on a temporary basis. Enacting provisions on a temporary basis provides legislators with an opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of tax policies prior to expiration or extension. Temporary tax provisions may also be used to provide temporary economic stimulus or disaster relief. Congress may also choose to enact tax provisions on a temporary rather than permanent basis due to budgetary considerations, as the foregone revenue from a temporary provision will generally be less than if it were permanent. \nThe provisions that expired at the end of 2014 are diverse in purpose, including provisions for individuals, businesses, the charitable sector, and energy-related activities. Among the individual provisions that expired are deductions for teachers\u2019 out-of-pocket expenses, state and local sales taxes, qualified tuition and related expenses, and mortgage insurance premiums. On the business side, under current law, the research and development (R&D) tax credit, the work opportunity tax credit (WOTC), the active financing exceptions under Subpart F, the new markets tax credit, and increased expensing and bonus depreciation allowances will not be available for taxpayers after 2014. Expired charitable provisions include the enhanced deduction for contributions of food inventory and provisions allowing for tax-free distributions from retirement accounts for charitable purposes. The renewable energy production tax credit (PTC) expired at the end of 2014, along with a number of other incentives for energy efficiency and renewable and alternative fuels. As discussed in this report, many of these provisions were made permanent in P.L. 114-113.\nAdditional information on specific extender provisions may be found in other CRS reports, including the following:\nCRS Report R43510, Selected Recently Expired Business Tax Provisions (\u201cTax Extenders\u201d), by Jane G. Gravelle, Donald J. Marples, and Molly F. Sherlock; \nCRS Report R43688, Selected Recently Expired Individual Tax Provisions (\u201cTax Extenders\u201d): In Brief, by Grant A. Driessen and Jane G. Gravelle; \nCRS Report R43517, Recently Expired Charitable Tax Provisions (\u201cTax Extenders\u201d): In Brief, by Jane G. Gravelle and Molly F. Sherlock;\nCRS Report R43541, Recently Expired Community Assistance-Related Tax Provisions (\u201cTax Extenders\u201d): In Brief, by Sean Lowry; and\nCRS Report R43449, Recently Expired Housing Related Tax Provisions (\u201cTax Extenders\u201d): In Brief, by Mark P. Keightley.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R43898", "sha1": "08ecc16db67e6a2eced5cd00098d83da136709d3", "filename": "files/20160330_R43898_08ecc16db67e6a2eced5cd00098d83da136709d3.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R43898", "sha1": "d7cb0c2ca97c96deb2869b695b4c7299b24a7b9f", "filename": "files/20160330_R43898_d7cb0c2ca97c96deb2869b695b4c7299b24a7b9f.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4092, "name": "Tax Reform" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc743500/", "id": "R43898_2015Sep04", "date": "2015-09-04", "retrieved": "2015-10-20T21:35:54", "title": "Tax Provisions that Expired in 2014 (\"Tax Extenders\")", "summary": "This report provides a broad overview of tax extenders -- a collective of temporary tax provisions for which measures have regularly extended the provisions when expired or expiring. Fifty-two temporary tax provisions expired at the end of 2014.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150904_R43898_31e8c46812366683ac01712c7f34dbc04426e1dc.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150904_R43898_31e8c46812366683ac01712c7f34dbc04426e1dc.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Taxation", "name": "Taxation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Tax cuts", "name": "Tax cuts" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Tax policy", "name": "Tax policy" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811618/", "id": "R43898_2015Feb20", "date": "2015-02-20", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Tax Provisions that Expired in 2014 (\u201cTax Extenders\u201d)", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150220_R43898_367877aef50f97c66d3bb27be32c238f45e34a4d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150220_R43898_367877aef50f97c66d3bb27be32c238f45e34a4d.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503583/", "id": "R43898_2015Feb06", "date": "2015-02-06", "retrieved": "2015-04-30T17:37:21", "title": "Tax Provisions that Expired in 2014 (\"Tax Extenders\")", "summary": "This report provides a broad overview of the tax extenders that retroactively extend expired tax provisions, including the Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014, which made tax provisions that had expired at the end of 2013 available to taxpayers for the 2014 tax year.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150206_R43898_5a85663a8718caf5162a2c4434da5a88ec49600c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150206_R43898_5a85663a8718caf5162a2c4434da5a88ec49600c.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Taxation", "name": "Taxation" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Tax cuts", "name": "Tax cuts" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Tax policy", "name": "Tax policy" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Appropriations", "Energy Policy" ] }