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The \u201cAppointments Clause\u201d in the Constitution (Article II, Section 2, clause 2) states that the President \u201cshall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court.\u201d While the process of appointing Justices has undergone some changes over two centuries, its most essential feature\u2014the sharing of power between the President and the Senate\u2014has remained unchanged: to receive lifetime appointment to the Court, one must first be formally selected (\u201cnominated\u201d) by the President and then approved (\u201cconfirmed\u201d) by the Senate.\nFor the President, the appointment of a Supreme Court Justice can be a notable measure by which history will judge his Presidency. For the Senate, a decision to confirm is a solemn matter as well, for it is the Senate alone, through its \u201cAdvice and Consent\u201d function, without any formal involvement of the House of Representatives, which acts as a safeguard on the President\u2019s judgment. This report provides information and analysis related to the final stage of the confirmation process for a nomination to the Supreme Court\u2014the consideration of the nomination by the full Senate, including floor debate and the vote on whether to approve the nomination.\nTraditionally, the Senate has tended to be less deferential to the President in his choice of Supreme Court Justices than in his appointment of persons to high executive branch positions. The more exacting standard usually applied to Supreme Court nominations reflects the special importance of the Court, coequal to and independent of the presidency and Congress. Senators are also mindful that Justices\u2014unlike persons elected to legislative office or confirmed to executive branch positions\u2014receive the opportunity to serve a lifetime appointment during good behavior.\nThe appointment of a Supreme Court Justice might or might not proceed smoothly. From the appointment of the first Justices in 1789 through its consideration of nominee Neil Gorsuch in 2017, the Senate has confirmed 118 Supreme Court nominations out of 162 received. Of the 44 nominations that were not confirmed, 12 were rejected outright in roll-call votes by the Senate, while nearly all of the rest, in the face of substantial committee or Senate opposition to the nominee or the President, were withdrawn by the President, or were postponed, tabled, or never voted on by the Senate. Six of the unconfirmed nominations, however, involved individuals who subsequently were renominated and confirmed.\nAdditional CRS reports provide information and analysis related to other stages of the confirmation process for nominations to the Supreme Court. For a report related to the selection of a nominee by the President, see CRS Report R44235, Supreme Court Appointment Process: President\u2019s Selection of a Nominee, by Barry J. McMillion. For a report related to consideration of nominations by the Senate Judiciary Committee, see CRS Report R44236, Supreme Court Appointment Process: Consideration by the Senate Judiciary Committee, by Barry J. 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The \u201cAppointments Clause\u201d in the Constitution (Article II, Section 2, clause 2) states that the President \u201cshall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court.\u201d While the process of appointing Justices has undergone some changes over two centuries, its most essential feature\u2014the sharing of power between the President and the Senate\u2014has remained unchanged: To receive lifetime appointment to the Court, one must first be formally selected (\u201cnominated\u201d) by the President and then approved (\u201cconfirmed\u201d) by the Senate.\nFor the President, the appointment of a Supreme Court Justice can be a notable measure by which history will judge his Presidency. For the Senate, a decision to confirm is a solemn matter as well, for it is the Senate alone, through its \u201cAdvice and Consent\u201d function, without any formal involvement of the House of Representatives, which acts as a safeguard on the President\u2019s judgment. This report provides information and analysis related to the final stage of the confirmation process for a nomination to the Supreme Court\u2014the consideration of the nomination by the full Senate, including floor debate and the vote on whether to approve the nomination.\nTraditionally, the Senate has tended to be less deferential to the President in his choice of Supreme Court Justices than in his appointment of persons to high executive branch positions. The more exacting standard usually applied to Supreme Court nominations reflects the special importance of the Court, coequal to and independent of the presidency and Congress. Senators are also mindful that Justices\u2014unlike persons elected to legislative office or confirmed to executive branch positions\u2014receive lifetime appointments.\nThe appointment of a Supreme Court Justice might or might not proceed smoothly. From the appointment of the first Justices in 1789 through its consideration of nominee Elena Kagan in 2010, the Senate has confirmed 124 Supreme Court nominations out of 160 received. Of the 36 nominations which were not confirmed, 11 were rejected outright in roll-call votes by the Senate, while nearly all of the rest, in the face of substantial committee or Senate opposition to the nominee or the President, were withdrawn by the President, or were postponed, tabled, or never voted on by the Senate. Six of the unconfirmed nominations, however, involved individuals who subsequently were re-nominated and confirmed.\nAdditional CRS reports provide information and analysis related to other stages of the confirmation process for nominations to the Supreme Court. For a report related to the selection of a nominee by the President, see CRS Report R44235, Supreme Court Appointment Process: President\u2019s Selection of a Nominee, by Barry J. McMillion. For a report related to consideration of nominations by the Senate Judiciary Committee, see CRS Report R44236, Supreme Court Appointment Process: Consideration by the Senate Judiciary Committee, by Barry J. 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