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Each appointment is of consequence because of the enormous judicial power the Supreme Court exercises as the highest appellate court in the federal judiciary. Appointments are usually infrequent, as a vacancy on the nine-member Court may occur only once or twice, or never at all, during a particular President\u2019s years in office. Under the Constitution, Justices on the Supreme Court receive what can amount to lifetime appointments which, by constitutional design, helps ensure the Court\u2019s independence from the President and Congress.\nThe procedure for appointing a Justice is provided for by the Constitution in only a few words. The \u201cAppointments Clause\u201d (Article II, Section 2, clause 2) states that the President \u201cshall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... Judges of the supreme Court.\u201d The process of appointing Justices has undergone changes over two centuries, but its most basic feature\u2014the sharing of power between the President and Senate\u2014has remained unchanged: To receive appointment to the Court, a candidate must first be nominated by the President and then confirmed by the Senate.\nPolitical considerations typically play an important role in Supreme Court appointments. It is often assumed, for example, that Presidents will be inclined to select a nominee whose political or ideological views appear compatible with their own. The political nature of the appointment process becomes especially apparent when a President submits a nominee with controversial views, there are sharp partisan or ideological differences between the President and the Senate, or the outcome of important constitutional issues before the Court is seen to be at stake.\nAdditionally, over more than two centuries, a recurring theme in the Supreme Court appointment process has been the assumed need for professional excellence in a nominee. During recent presidencies, nominees have at the time of nomination, most often, served as U.S. appellate court judges. The integrity and impartiality of an individual have also been important criteria for a President when selecting a nominee for the Court.\nThe speed by which a President selects a nominee for a vacancy has varied during recent presidencies. A President might announce his intention to nominate a particular individual within several days of when a vacancy becomes publicly known, or a President might take multiple weeks or months to announce a nominee. The factors affecting the speed by which a President selects a nominee include whether a President had advance notice of a Justice\u2019s plan to retire, as well as when during the calendar year a Justice announces his or her departure from the Court.\nOn rare occasions, Presidents also have made Court appointments without the Senate\u2019s consent, when the Senate was in recess. Such \u201crecess appointments,\u201d however, were temporary, with their terms expiring at the end of the Senate\u2019s next session. Recess appointments have, at times, been considered controversial because they bypassed the Senate and its \u201cadvice and consent\u201d role. 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Each appointment is of consequence because of the enormous judicial power the Supreme Court exercises as the highest appellate court in the federal judiciary. Appointments are usually infrequent, as a vacancy on the nine-member Court may occur only once or twice, or never at all, during a particular President\u2019s years in office. Under the Constitution, Justices on the Supreme Court receive what can amount to lifetime appointments which, by constitutional design, helps ensure the Court\u2019s independence from the President and Congress.\nThe procedure for appointing a Justice is provided for by the Constitution in only a few words. The \u201cAppointments Clause\u201d (Article II, Section 2, clause 2) states that the President \u201cshall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint ... 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A President might announce his intention to nominate a particular individual within several days of when a vacancy becomes publicly known, or a President might take multiple weeks or months to announce a nominee. The factors affecting the speed by which a President selects a nominee include whether a President had advance notice of a Justice\u2019s plan to retire, as well as when during the calendar year a Justice announces his or her departure from the Court.\nOn rare occasions, Presidents also have made Court appointments without the Senate\u2019s consent, when the Senate was in recess. Such \u201crecess appointments,\u201d however, were temporary, with their terms expiring at the end of the Senate\u2019s next session. Recess appointments have, at times, been considered controversial because they bypassed the Senate and its \u201cadvice and consent\u201d role. 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