{
  "id": "R44307",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "R",
  "number": "R44307",
  "active": true,
  "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov",
      "title": "U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet",
      "retrieved": "2022-10-24T04:03:37.179483",
      "id": "R44307_17_2022-09-13",
      "formats": [
        {
          "filename": "files/2022-09-13_R44307_17cc96b5afe8d58a747329bad9a9b647cf448169.pdf",
          "format": "PDF",
          "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44307/17",
          "sha1": "17cc96b5afe8d58a747329bad9a9b647cf448169"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/2022-09-13_R44307_17cc96b5afe8d58a747329bad9a9b647cf448169.html"
        }
      ],
      "date": "2022-09-13",
      "summary": null,
      "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov",
      "typeId": "R",
      "active": true,
      "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R44307",
      "type": "CRS Report"
    },
    {
      "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov",
      "title": "U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet",
      "retrieved": "2022-10-24T04:03:37.178133",
      "id": "R44307_15_2021-10-04",
      "formats": [
        {
          "filename": "files/2021-10-04_R44307_16f6aef7162aeecfd6a8c77cf32d8fe7fb0e5271.pdf",
          "format": "PDF",
          "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44307/15",
          "sha1": "16f6aef7162aeecfd6a8c77cf32d8fe7fb0e5271"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/2021-10-04_R44307_16f6aef7162aeecfd6a8c77cf32d8fe7fb0e5271.html"
        }
      ],
      "date": "2021-10-04",
      "summary": null,
      "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov",
      "typeId": "R",
      "active": true,
      "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R44307",
      "type": "CRS Report"
    },
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 615058,
      "date": "2020-01-24",
      "retrieved": "2020-01-29T14:05:07.596819",
      "title": "U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet",
      "summary": "Research and development (R&D) in the United States is funded and performed by a number of sectors\u2014including the federal government, state governments, businesses, academia, and nonprofit organizations\u2014for a variety of purposes.\nResearch and development. Expenditures. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": true,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44307",
          "sha1": "758497b82345202735fdddba90c734f7f025b9c6",
          "filename": "files/20200124_R44307_758497b82345202735fdddba90c734f7f025b9c6.html",
          "images": {
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/3.png": "files/20200124_R44307_images_9c8d16d99d10aa3f147159bb6694769537ed1a40.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/1.png": "files/20200124_R44307_images_08b1c954c934c067d404eb0dd634a6b1bd1fdc6a.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/2.png": "files/20200124_R44307_images_9b301546a93e6e620f74c2236f5ac428216d0bb6.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/0.png": "files/20200124_R44307_images_2b0b1fe6d373b6bc7c36c29771b4afb801da8d60.png"
          }
        },
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44307",
          "sha1": "aadaf6c79fb92a046234987cff881a6ddb439f98",
          "filename": "files/20200124_R44307_aadaf6c79fb92a046234987cff881a6ddb439f98.pdf",
          "images": {}
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4852,
          "name": "Science & Technology R&D"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 605224,
      "date": "2019-09-19",
      "retrieved": "2019-09-19T22:14:37.484207",
      "title": "U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet",
      "summary": "Research and development. Expenditures. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": true,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44307",
          "sha1": "67527f02803678192210c52304b8b5bcbf6cc653",
          "filename": "files/20190919_R44307_67527f02803678192210c52304b8b5bcbf6cc653.html",
          "images": {
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/3.png": "files/20190919_R44307_images_9f4a0dd42cd7e0439694da477de646ae759f6c65.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190919_R44307_images_62decbd648d14bdda211df770033826537af4204.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190919_R44307_images_8df027c29c9f42e93d5a765953c27e64da20fbd9.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190919_R44307_images_cb34f4052cbf205d7b18063266146ead148ff765.png"
          }
        },
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44307",
          "sha1": "6ed01e804063f1c14fa00cd974461a6a85c14aaa",
          "filename": "files/20190919_R44307_6ed01e804063f1c14fa00cd974461a6a85c14aaa.pdf",
          "images": {}
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4852,
          "name": "Science & Technology R&D"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 582503,
      "date": "2018-06-29",
      "retrieved": "2018-07-03T13:08:40.605340",
      "title": "U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet",
      "summary": "Research and development. Expenditures. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": true,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44307",
          "sha1": "4a8927f13a52ce550ce3982da792bc66f0661a48",
          "filename": "files/20180629_R44307_4a8927f13a52ce550ce3982da792bc66f0661a48.html",
          "images": {
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/3.png": "files/20180629_R44307_images_c6d1c795c148b8ab39089b41a7d0ed036250df58.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/1.png": "files/20180629_R44307_images_42fdb9a87e1e88bb936fd4c7b07617bda5dbf6ad.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/2.png": "files/20180629_R44307_images_e39924c5a34c12455e4eeb08563f3b804bb71dd9.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180629_R44307_images_cf1e08927e7c3a9e794abbac49081b5bb9070586.png"
          }
        },
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44307",
          "sha1": "172cacdb4bfe963dd0bcf36eb1c7df612c9ee17d",
          "filename": "files/20180629_R44307_172cacdb4bfe963dd0bcf36eb1c7df612c9ee17d.pdf",
          "images": {}
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4852,
          "name": "Science & Technology R&D"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 461628,
      "date": "2017-05-22",
      "retrieved": "2017-08-22T14:40:52.377956",
      "title": "U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet",
      "summary": "Research and development. Expenditures. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": true,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44307",
          "sha1": "53918ac52aade02b578e73559da79a820d3bc7af",
          "filename": "files/20170522_R44307_53918ac52aade02b578e73559da79a820d3bc7af.html",
          "images": {
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/1.png": "files/20170522_R44307_images_ccf7df43b734c0c4ab5368a8bddfe261c9b82083.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/2.png": "files/20170522_R44307_images_c7da162fb3ca57af4f74b9e73a9b13351eec0331.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/5.png": "files/20170522_R44307_images_8a274ea8389488b5b4bc0b972d07a0a2cf7fe4b2.png",
            "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R44307_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170522_R44307_images_e381adc813517c6d0ce9e21fc44edf1ee8b4560e.png"
          }
        },
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44307",
          "sha1": "fb4b5516db204d16914d4d8200b8b9e406728cb0",
          "filename": "files/20170522_R44307_fb4b5516db204d16914d4d8200b8b9e406728cb0.pdf",
          "images": {}
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4852,
          "name": "Science & Technology R&D"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 448586,
      "date": "2015-12-10",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:45:09.193753",
      "title": "U.S. Research and Development Funding and Performance: Fact Sheet",
      "summary": "Research and development. Expenditures. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. Industry. College. Universities. Nonprofit organizations. Research and development. Basic research. Applied research. Development. United States. Federal government. State governments. Business. College.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": true,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/R44307",
          "sha1": "acff77a3251832e94423885f2607a699aca955c4",
          "filename": "files/20151210_R44307_acff77a3251832e94423885f2607a699aca955c4.html",
          "images": null
        },
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R44307",
          "sha1": "6ec55ce4ece490f3e3dfd6f64b4ac3c5c7a8ad59",
          "filename": "files/20151210_R44307_6ec55ce4ece490f3e3dfd6f64b4ac3c5c7a8ad59.pdf",
          "images": null
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 2693,
          "name": "Science, Space, and R&D"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Science and Technology Policy"
  ]
}