{
  "id": "R44336",
  "type": "CRS Report",
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  "number": "R44336",
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      "id": 592060,
      "date": "2019-02-26",
      "retrieved": "2019-12-20T19:54:53.985332",
      "title": "Puerto Rico: CRS Experts and Products",
      "summary": "SUPPRESS Puerto Rico is in the midst of a fiscal crisis resulting from economic contraction, public sector debt, outmigration, and other factors. To address the crisis, Congress passed the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA; P.L. 114-187), enacted on June 30, 2016. PROMESA established the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (Oversight Board), created processes for adjusting the island\u2019s public debts, among other provisions. PROMESA allocated no federal funds to Puerto Rico.\nThe Puerto Rican Governor was charged with developing fiscal plans for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and public corporations, subject to Oversight Board certification. PROMESA mandated that fiscal plans outline \u201ca method to achieve fiscal responsibility and access to the capital markets,\u201d among other requirements. The Board approved a revised fiscal plan for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico on March 13, 2017, and fiscal plans for four public corporations on May 2, 2017. On the same day, a stay on litigation related to public debts lapsed, allowing creditors to file lawsuits. The next day, the Board filed two petitions to invoke Title III processes.\nPuerto Rico\u2019s political status as a U.S. territory affected the restructuring options available to the island, just as it affects eligibility for some federal programs. For some purposes, the federal government treats Puerto Rico as if it were a state government, while in other cases, Puerto Rico is treated differently. Puerto Rico\u2019s status affects far more than federal programs; indeed, status is the island\u2019s central political issue. An upcoming plebiscite could allow the island\u2019s voters to select statehood, independence, or the status quo. Congress would have to enact legislation, signed by the President, to change the island\u2019s status, regardless of the plebiscite outcome.\nCRS Experts and Issues Related to Puerto Rico \nCongressional interest regarding Puerto Rico spans a broad range of subject areas, including:\npolitical status and federal relations with Puerto Rico\neconomic conditions, fiscal situation, and taxation\ndisaster responses to Hurricanes Irma and Maria\npublic sector debt in Puerto Rico and debt restructuring\nfederal oversight of subnational governments\nfederal programs and social policy in Puerto Rico\ndemographics and migration\ntransportation, energy, and environmental policy.\nCongress is also interested in hurricane and recovery efforts in Puerto Rico. For a list of experts on those topics, see CRS Report R43519, Natural Disasters and Hazards: CRS Experts, by Natalie Keegan.\nCRS Reports\nFor an analysis of PROMESA (P.L. 114-187), see CRS Report R44532, The Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA; H.R. 5278, S. 2328), coordinated by D. Andrew Austin. For an overview of Puerto Rico\u2019s political status, see CRS Report R44721, Political Status of Puerto Rico: Brief Background and Recent Developments for Congress, by R. Sam Garrett. For a discussion of Puerto Rico\u2019s economic and fiscal situation, see CRS Report R44095, Puerto Rico\u2019s Current Fiscal Challenges, by D. Andrew Austin. For information on federal health programs in Puerto Rico see CRS Report R44275, Puerto Rico and Health Care Finance: Frequently Asked Questions, coordinated by Marco A. Villagrana.",
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      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 578578,
      "date": "2018-02-15",
      "retrieved": "2018-05-10T11:25:35.583481",
      "title": "Puerto Rico: CRS Experts",
      "summary": "SUPPRESS Puerto Rico is in the midst of a fiscal crisis resulting from economic contraction, public sector debt, outmigration, and other factors. To address the crisis, Congress passed the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA; P.L. 114-187), which was enacted on June 30, 2016. PROMESA established the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (Oversight Board), created processes for adjusting the island\u2019s public debts, among other provisions. PROMESA allocated no federal funds to Puerto Rico.\nThe Puerto Rican Governor was charged with developing fiscal plans for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and public corporations, subject to Oversight Board certification. PROMESA mandated that fiscal plans outline \u201ca method to achieve fiscal responsibility and access to the capital markets,\u201d among other requirements. The Board approved a revised fiscal plan for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico on March 13, 2017, and fiscal plans for four public corporations on May 2, 2017. On the same day, a stay on litigation related to public debts lapsed, allowing creditors to file lawsuits. The next day, the Board filed two petitions to invoke Title III processes.\nPuerto Rico\u2019s political status as a U.S. territory affected the restructuring options available to the island, just as it affects eligibility for some federal programs. For some purposes, the federal government treats Puerto Rico as if it were a state government, while in other cases, Puerto Rico is treated differently. Puerto Rico\u2019s status affects far more than federal programs; indeed, status is the island\u2019s central political issue. An upcoming plebiscite could allow the island\u2019s voters to select statehood, independence, or the status quo. Congress would have to enact legislation, signed by the President, to change the island\u2019s status, regardless of the plebiscite outcome.\nCRS Experts and Issues Related to Puerto Rico \nIssues of congressional interest regarding Puerto Rico span a broad range of subject areas. Table 1 of this report lists CRS experts in topics including:\npolitical status and federal relations with Puerto Rico\neconomic conditions, fiscal situation, and taxation\npublic sector debt in Puerto Rico and debt restructuring\nfederal oversight of subnational governments\nfederal programs and social policy in Puerto Rico\ndemographics and migration\ntransportation, energy, and environmental policy.\nCRS Reports\nFor an analysis of PROMESA (P.L. 114-187), see CRS Report R44532, The Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA; H.R. 5278, S. 2328), coordinated by D. Andrew Austin. For an overview of Puerto Rico\u2019s political status, see CRS Report R44721, Political Status of Puerto Rico: Brief Background and Recent Developments for Congress, by R. Sam Garrett. For a discussion of Puerto Rico\u2019s economic and fiscal situation, see CRS Report R44095, Puerto Rico\u2019s Current Fiscal Challenges, by D. Andrew Austin. Puerto Rico\u2019s health care system faces significant funding challenges. For information on federal health programs in Puerto Rico see CRS Report R44275, Puerto Rico and Health Care Finance: Frequently Asked Questions, coordinated by Annie L. Mach.",
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    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 573543,
      "date": "2017-09-27",
      "retrieved": "2017-10-02T22:08:49.811885",
      "title": "Puerto Rico: CRS Experts",
      "summary": "SUPPRESS Puerto Rico is in the midst of a fiscal crisis resulting from economic contraction, public sector debt, outmigration, and other factors. To address the crisis, Congress passed the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA; P.L. 114-187), which was enacted on June 30, 2016. PROMESA established the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (Oversight Board), created processes for adjusting the island\u2019s public debts, among other provisions. PROMESA allocated no federal funds to Puerto Rico.\nThe Puerto Rican Governor was charged with developing fiscal plans for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and public corporations, subject to Oversight Board certification. PROMESA mandated that fiscal plans outline \u201ca method to achieve fiscal responsibility and access to the capital markets,\u201d among other requirements. The Board approved a revised fiscal plan for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico on March 13, 2017, and fiscal plans for four public corporations on May 2, 2017. On the same day, a stay on litigation related to public debts lapsed, allowing creditors to file lawsuits. The next day, the Board filed two petitions to invoke Title III processes.\nPuerto Rico\u2019s political status as a U.S. territory affected the restructuring options available to the island, just as it affects eligibility for some federal programs. For some purposes, the federal government treats Puerto Rico as if it were a state government, while in other cases, Puerto Rico is treated differently. Puerto Rico\u2019s status affects far more than federal programs; indeed, status is the island\u2019s central political issue. An upcoming plebiscite could allow the island\u2019s voters to select statehood, independence, or the status quo. Congress would have to enact legislation, signed by the President, to change the island\u2019s status, regardless of the plebiscite outcome.\nCRS Experts and Issues Related to Puerto Rico \nIssues of congressional interest regarding Puerto Rico span a broad range of subject areas. Table 1 of this report lists CRS experts in topics including:\npolitical status and federal relations with Puerto Rico\neconomic conditions, fiscal situation, and taxation\npublic sector debt in Puerto Rico and debt restructuring\nfederal oversight of subnational governments\nfederal programs and social policy in Puerto Rico\ndemographics and migration\ntransportation, energy, and environmental policy.\nCRS Reports\nFor an analysis of PROMESA (P.L. 114-187), see CRS Report R44532, The Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA; H.R. 5278, S. 2328), coordinated by D. Andrew Austin. For an overview of Puerto Rico\u2019s political status, see CRS Report R44721, Political Status of Puerto Rico: Brief Background and Recent Developments for Congress, by R. Sam Garrett. For a discussion of Puerto Rico\u2019s economic and fiscal situation, see CRS Report R44095, Puerto Rico\u2019s Current Fiscal Challenges, by D. Andrew Austin. Puerto Rico\u2019s health care system faces significant funding challenges. For information on federal health programs in Puerto Rico see CRS Report R44275, Puerto Rico and Health Care Finance: Frequently Asked Questions, coordinated by Annie L. Mach.",
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    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 461949,
      "date": "2017-06-05",
      "retrieved": "2017-08-22T14:29:59.126195",
      "title": "Puerto Rico: CRS Experts",
      "summary": "SUPPRESS Puerto Rico is in the midst of a fiscal crisis resulting from economic contraction, public sector debt, outmigration, and other factors. To address the crisis, Congress passed the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA; P.L. 114-187), which was enacted on June 30, 2016. PROMESA established the Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico (Oversight Board), created processes for adjusting the island\u2019s public debts, among other provisions. PROMESA allocated no federal funds to Puerto Rico.\nThe Puerto Rican Governor was charged with developing fiscal plans for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and public corporations, subject to Oversight Board certification. PROMESA mandated that fiscal plans outline \u201ca method to achieve fiscal responsibility and access to the capital markets,\u201d among other requirements. The Board approved a revised fiscal plan for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico on March 13, 2017, and fiscal plans for four public corporations on May 2, 2017. On the same day, a stay on litigation related to public debts lapsed, allowing creditors to file lawsuits. The next day, the Board filed two petitions to invoke Title III processes.\nPuerto Rico\u2019s political status as a U.S. territory affected the restructuring options available to the island, just as it affects eligibility for some federal programs. For some purposes, the federal government treats Puerto Rico as if it were a state government, while in other cases, Puerto Rico is treated differently. Puerto Rico\u2019s status affects far more than federal programs; indeed, status is the island\u2019s central political issue. An upcoming plebiscite could allow the island\u2019s voters to select statehood, independence, or the status quo. Congress would have to enact legislation, signed by the President, to change the island\u2019s status, regardless of the plebiscite outcome.\nCRS Experts and Issues Related to Puerto Rico \nIssues of congressional interest regarding Puerto Rico span a broad range of subject areas. Table 1 of this report lists CRS experts in topics including:\npolitical status and federal relations with Puerto Rico\neconomic conditions, fiscal situation, and taxation\npublic sector debt in Puerto Rico and debt restructuring\nfederal oversight of subnational governments\nfederal programs and social policy in Puerto Rico\ndemographics and migration\ntransportation, energy, and environmental policy.\nCRS Reports\nFor an analysis of PROMESA (P.L. 114-187), see CRS Report R44532, The Puerto Rico Oversight, Management, and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA; H.R. 5278, S. 2328), coordinated by D. Andrew Austin. For an overview of Puerto Rico\u2019s political status, see CRS Report R44721, Political Status of Puerto Rico: Brief Background and Recent Developments for Congress, by R. Sam Garrett. For a discussion of Puerto Rico\u2019s economic and fiscal situation, see CRS Report R44095, Puerto Rico\u2019s Current Fiscal Challenges, by D. Andrew Austin. Puerto Rico\u2019s health care system faces significant funding challenges. For information on federal health programs in Puerto Rico see CRS Report R44275, Puerto Rico and Health Care Finance: Frequently Asked Questions, coordinated by Annie L. Mach.",
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    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 452409,
      "date": "2016-05-09",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T19:09:58.364941",
      "title": "Puerto Rico: CRS Experts",
      "summary": "SUPPRESS Puerto Rico currently faces a serious fiscal crisis resulting from persistently slow economic growth and rising public sector debt, which has left its government finances severely constrained. The Puerto Rican government\u2019s fiscal situation, according to emergency legislation  enacted on April 6, 2016, \u201cis more dire than at any other point in its history.\u201d Puerto Rico Governor Alejandro Garc\u00eda Padilla, while signing the emergency act, was quoted as stating that \u201cPuerto Rico is insolvent.\u201d The Governor and others have called on the federal government for various forms of assistance or changes in federal laws to address its challenges. \nThe political status of Puerto Rico may complicate proposed federal initiatives. For some purposes, the federal government treats Puerto Rico as if it were a state government, while in other cases, Puerto Rico is treated differently. In other cases, such as for water transportation and trade, Puerto Rico may be particularly affected by federal laws that apply more generally.\nCRS Experts and Issues Related to Puerto Rico \nIssues of congressional interest regarding Puerto Rico span a broad range of subject areas. This report lists CRS experts by topic in Table 1. Topics include\npolitical status and federal relations with Puerto Rico\neconomic conditions, fiscal situation, and taxation\npublic sector debt in Puerto Rico and debt restructuring\nfederal oversight of subnational governments\nfederal programs and social policy in Puerto Rico\ndemographics and migration\ntransportation, energy, and environmental policy.\nFor questions regarding topics not listed here, see the contact information for the listed \u201ccoordinators,\u201d who will help to identify the appropriate subject matter expert. \nOther Resources\nCitations and links to existing CRS products that relate to Puerto Rico are listed in Table 2.\nCRS Reports\nFor a brief overview of the political status of Puerto Rico, see CRS In Focus IF10241, Puerto Rico: Political Status and Background, by R. Sam Garrett. For a more detailed examination of those issues, see CRS Report R42765, Puerto Rico\u2019s Political Status and the 2012 Plebiscite: Background and Key Questions, by R. Sam Garrett. For a discussion of Puerto Rico\u2019s economic and fiscal situation, see CRS Report R44095, Puerto Rico\u2019s Current Fiscal Challenges, by D. Andrew Austin. \nPuerto Rico enacted a local restructuring law in July 2013 aimed at addressing its public sector debts. For a description of that law, which was struck down by a Federal District Court in February 2015, see CRS Legal Sidebar WSLG1289, Fiscal Distress in Puerto Rico: Two Legislative Approaches, by Carol A. Pettit. That decision was upheld in July 2015 by the Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit, which is discussed in CRS Legal Sidebar WSLG1370, First Circuit: Preemption Precludes Puerto Rico\u2019s Recovery Act, by Carol A. Pettit. In December 2015, the Supreme Court agreed to hear arguments regarding that and related cases.\nFor information on federal health programs in Puerto Rico see CRS Report R44275, Puerto Rico and Health Care Finance: Frequently Asked Questions, coordinated by Annie L. Mach.",
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    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 448569,
      "date": "2015-12-15",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-06T17:43:13.182153",
      "title": "Puerto Rico: CRS Experts",
      "summary": "SUPPRESS Puerto Rico currently faces a serious fiscal crisis resulting from persistently slow economic growth and rising public sector debt, which the Governor of Puerto Rico has called \u201cnot payable.\u201d The Governor and others have called on the federal government for various forms of assistance or changes in federal laws to address its challenges. Several measures have been introduced in the 114th Congress to aid Puerto Rico, although no measure has been reported by a committee. \nThe political status of Puerto Rico may complicate proposed federal initiatives. For some purposes, the federal government treats Puerto Rico as if it were a state government, while in other cases, Puerto Rico is treated differently. In other cases, such as for water transportation and trade, Puerto Rico may be particularly affected by federal laws that apply more generally.\nCRS Experts and Issues Related to Puerto Rico \nIssues of congressional interest regarding Puerto Rico span a broad range of subject areas. This report lists CRS experts by topic in Table 1. Topics include\npolitical status and federal relations with Puerto Rico\neconomic conditions, fiscal situation, and taxation\npublic sector debt in Puerto Rico and debt restructuring\nfederal oversight of subnational governments\nfederal programs and social policy in Puerto Rico\ndemographics and migration\ntransportation and energy sector\nFor questions regarding topics not listed here, see the contact information for the listed \u201ccoordinators,\u201d who will help to identify the appropriate subject matter expert. \nOther Resources\nCitations and links to existing CRS products that relate to Puerto Rico are listed in Table 2.\nCRS Reports\nFor a brief overview of the political status of Puerto Rico, see CRS In Focus IF10241, Puerto Rico: Political Status and Background, by R. Sam Garrett. For a more detailed examination of those issues, see CRS Report R42765, Puerto Rico\u2019s Political Status and the 2012 Plebiscite: Background and Key Questions, by R. Sam Garrett. \nFor a discussion of Puerto Rico\u2019s economic and fiscal situation, see CRS Report R44095, Puerto Rico\u2019s Current Fiscal Challenges, by D. Andrew Austin. \nPuerto Rico enacted a local restructuring law in July 2013 aimed at addressing its public sector debts. For a description of that law, which was struck down by a Federal District Court in February 2015, see CRS Legal Sidebar WSLG1289, Fiscal Distress in Puerto Rico: Two Legislative Approaches, by Carol A. Pettit. That decision was upheld in July 2015 by the Court of Appeals for the 1st Circuit, which is discussed in CRS Legal Sidebar WSLG1370, First Circuit: Preemption Precludes Puerto Rico\u2019s Recovery Act, by Carol A. Pettit. In December 2015, the Supreme Court agreed to hear arguments regarding that and related cases.\nFor information on federal health programs in Puerto Rico see CRS Report R44275, Puerto Rico and Health Care Finance: Frequently Asked Questions, coordinated by Annie L. Mach.",
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  "topics": [
    "American Law",
    "Domestic Social Policy",
    "Economic Policy",
    "Energy Policy",
    "Environmental Policy",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Health Policy",
    "Industry and Trade",
    "Legislative Process",
    "Transportation Policy"
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}