{
  "id": "R44477",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "R44477",
  "active": true,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 592471,
      "date": "2019-02-19",
      "retrieved": "2019-12-20T19:58:10.665807",
      "title": "Department of Education Funding: Key Concepts and FAQ ",
      "summary": "Like most federal agencies, the Department of Education (ED) receives funds in support of its mission through various federal budget and appropriations processes. While not unique, the mechanisms by which ED receives, obligates, and expends funds can be complex. For example, ED receives both mandatory and discretionary appropriations; ED is annually provided forward funds and advance appropriations for some\u2014but not all\u2014discretionary programs; ED awards both formula and competitive grants; and a portion of ED\u2019s budget subsidizes student loan costs (direct loans and loan guarantees). As such, analyzing ED\u2019s budget requires an understanding of a broad range of federal budget and appropriations concepts. This report provides an introduction to these concepts as they are used specifically in the context of the congressional appropriations process for ED.\nThe first section of this report provides an introduction to key terms and concepts in the federal budget and appropriations process for ED. In addition to those mentioned above, the report includes explanations of terms and concepts such as authorizations versus appropriations; budgetary allocations, discretionary spending caps, and sequestration; transfers and reprogramming; and matching requirements.\nThe second section answers frequently asked questions about federal funding for ED or education in general. These are as follows:\nHow much funding does ED receive annually?\nHow much does the federal government spend on education?\nWhere can information be found about the President\u2019s budget request and congressional appropriations for ED?\nHow much ED funding is in the congressional budget resolution?\nWhat is the difference between the amounts in appropriations bills and report language?\nWhat happens to education funding if annual appropriations are not enacted before the start of the federal fiscal year?\nWhat happens if an ED program authorization \u201cexpires\u201d?\nThe third section includes a brief description of, and links to, reports and documents that provide more information about budget and appropriations concepts.",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4905,
          "name": "Education Budget & Appropriations"
        },
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 4921,
          "name": "Labor, HHS, & Education Appropriations"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 451970,
      "date": "2016-04-22",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T19:18:36.741941",
      "title": "Department of Education Funding: Key Concepts and FAQ ",
      "summary": "Like most federal agencies, the Department of Education (ED) receives funds in support of its mission through various federal budget and appropriations processes. However, the processes by which ED receives and expends funds can be complicated. For example, ED receives both mandatory and discretionary appropriations, expends funds through formula and competitive grants, forward funds some accounts while providing appropriations at the start of the fiscal year to others, and subsidizes student loan costs (direct loans and loan guarantees). \nAs such, analyzing ED\u2019s budget requires an understanding of a broad range of federal budget and appropriations concepts. This report provides an introduction to these concepts as they are used specifically in the context of the congressional appropriations process for ED.\nAccordingly, the first section of this report provides an introduction to key terms and concepts in the federal budget and appropriations process for ED. It includes definitions and explanations of terms ranging from budget authority to transfers. \nThe second section answers frequently asked questions (FAQs) about federal funding for ED or education in general. These are as follows:\nHow much funding does the Department of Education receive annually?\nHow much does the federal government spend on education?\nWhere can I find information about the President\u2019s budget request and congressional appropriations for the Department of Education?\nHow much ED funding is in the congressional budget resolution?\nWhat is the difference between the amounts in appropriations bills and report language?\nWhat happens to education funding if annual appropriations are not enacted before the start of the federal fiscal year?\nWhat happens if an ED program authorization \u201cexpires\u201d?\nThe third section includes a brief description of, and links to, reports and documents that provide more information about budget and appropriations concepts.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
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      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 2487,
          "name": "Elementary and Secondary Education"
        },
        {
          "source": "IBCList",
          "id": 479,
          "name": "Postsecondary Education"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Appropriations",
    "Domestic Social Policy",
    "Education Policy"
  ]
}