{ "id": "R45100", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R45100", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com", "versions": [ { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "The 10-20-30 Provision: Defining Persistent Poverty Counties", "retrieved": "2023-04-06T04:03:51.565992", "id": "R45100_15_2023-02-27", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2023-02-27_R45100_9e0ba33dcfa7f53151bddf8304d6f6a3746c2245.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45100/15", "sha1": "9e0ba33dcfa7f53151bddf8304d6f6a3746c2245" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-02-27_R45100_9e0ba33dcfa7f53151bddf8304d6f6a3746c2245.html" } ], "date": "2023-02-27", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R45100", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "The 10-20-30 Provision: Defining Persistent Poverty Counties", "retrieved": "2023-04-06T04:03:51.564957", "id": "R45100_13_2022-04-14", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2022-04-14_R45100_dd3d3e6a07aeaefdf3afbafedc62d28eb4fbe6f9.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45100/13", "sha1": "dd3d3e6a07aeaefdf3afbafedc62d28eb4fbe6f9" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2022-04-14_R45100_dd3d3e6a07aeaefdf3afbafedc62d28eb4fbe6f9.html" } ], "date": "2022-04-14", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R45100", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "The 10-20-30 Provision: Defining Persistent Poverty Counties", "retrieved": "2023-04-06T04:03:51.563635", "id": "R45100_10_2021-02-24", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2021-02-24_R45100_2b750427cd63413b575b55905bdf5b16f2700c45.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45100/10", "sha1": "2b750427cd63413b575b55905bdf5b16f2700c45" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2021-02-24_R45100_2b750427cd63413b575b55905bdf5b16f2700c45.html" } ], "date": "2021-02-24", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R45100", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 616122, "date": "2020-02-03", "retrieved": "2020-02-07T23:06:10.805019", "title": "The 10-20-30 Provision: Defining Persistent Poverty Counties", "summary": "Antipoverty interventions that provide resources to local communities, based on the characteristics of those communities, have been of interest to Congress. One such policy, dubbed the \u201c10-20-30 provision,\u201d was implemented in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5). Title I, Section 105 of ARRA required the Secretary of Agriculture to allocate at least 10% of funds from three rural development program accounts to persistent poverty counties; that is, to counties that have had poverty rates of 20% or more for the past 30 years, as measured by the 1980, 1990, and 2000 decennial censuses. One notable characteristic of this provision is that it did not increase spending for the rural development programs addressed in ARRA, but rather targeted existing funds differently. \nResearch has suggested that areas for which the poverty rate (the percentage of the population that is below poverty) reaches 20% experience systemic problems that are more acute than in lower-poverty areas. Therefore, policy interventions at the community level (such as applying the 10-20-30 provision to other programs besides those cited in ARRA), and not only at the individual or family level, could continue to be of interest to Congress.\nPoverty rates are computed using data from household surveys. The list of counties identified to be persistently poor may differ by roughly 60 to 100 counties in a particular year, depending on the surveys selected to compile the list and the rounding method used for the poverty rate estimates. Before the mid-1990s, the decennial census was the only source of county poverty estimates. However, currently, the only data sources that provide poverty estimates for all U.S. counties are the American Community Survey (ACS) and the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates program (SAIPE). Therefore, to determine whether an area is \u201cpersistently\u201d poor in a time span that ends after the year 2000, it must first be decided whether ACS or SAIPE poverty estimates will be used for the later part of that time span. \nWhen determining the rounding method and data source to be used to compile a list of persistent poverty counties, the following may be relevant to consider: \nCharacteristics of interest: SAIPE is suited for poverty or median income alone; ACS for other topics in addition to poverty and income.\nGeographic areas of interest: SAIPE is recommended for counties and school districts only; ACS produces estimates for other small geographic areas as well.\nReference period of estimate: SAIPE for one year; ACS for a five-year span. \nRounding method for poverty rates: rounding to 20.0% (one decimal place) yields a shorter list than rounding to 20% (whole number).\nPoverty status is not defined for all persons: foster children (unrelated individuals under age 15), institutionalized persons, and residents of college dormitories are excluded; the homeless are not targeted by household surveys; and areas with large numbers of students living off-campus may have high poverty rates.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R45100", "sha1": "6f2c12586141f27cf9e962b69d9bbb43f5e05afc", "filename": "files/20200203_R45100_6f2c12586141f27cf9e962b69d9bbb43f5e05afc.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45100_files&id=/0.png": "files/20200203_R45100_images_21831c06247168b885cff0b21d812b180364c7af.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R45100", "sha1": "6057f2d2614356a1141705a530a11c102c111534", "filename": "files/20200203_R45100_6057f2d2614356a1141705a530a11c102c111534.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4890, "name": "Poverty" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 595352, "date": "2019-03-27", "retrieved": "2019-12-20T19:39:17.819183", "title": "The 10-20-30 Provision: Defining Persistent Poverty Counties", "summary": "Antipoverty interventions that provide resources to local communities, based on the characteristics of those communities, have been of interest to Congress. One such policy, dubbed the \u201c10-20-30 provision,\u201d was implemented in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5). Title I, Section 105 of ARRA required the Secretary of Agriculture to allocate at least 10% of funds from three rural development program accounts to persistent poverty counties; that is, to counties that have had poverty rates of 20% or more for the past 30 years, as measured by the 1980, 1990, and 2000 decennial censuses. One notable characteristic of this provision is that it did not increase spending for the rural development programs addressed in ARRA, but rather targeted existing funds differently. \nResearch has suggested that areas for which the poverty rate (the percentage of the population that is below poverty) reaches 20% experience systemic problems that are more acute than in lower-poverty areas. Therefore, policy interventions at the community level (such as applying the 10-20-30 provision to other programs besides those cited in ARRA), and not only at the individual or family level, could continue to be of interest to Congress.\nPoverty rates are computed using data from household surveys. The list of counties identified to be persistently poor may differ by roughly 70 to 100 counties in a particular year, depending on the surveys selected to compile the list and the rounding method used for the poverty rate estimates. Before the mid-1990s, the decennial census was the only source of county poverty estimates. However, currently, the only data sources that provide poverty estimates for all U.S. counties are the American Community Survey (ACS) and the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates program (SAIPE). Therefore, to determine whether an area is \u201cpersistently\u201d poor in a time span that ends after the year 2000, it must first be decided whether ACS or SAIPE poverty estimates will be used for the later part of that time span. \nWhen determining the rounding method and data source to be used to compile a list of persistent poverty counties, the following may be relevant to consider: \nCharacteristics of interest: SAIPE is suited for poverty or median income alone; ACS for other topics in addition to poverty and income.\nGeographic areas of interest: SAIPE is recommended for counties and school districts only; ACS produces estimates for other small geographic areas as well.\nReference period of estimate: SAIPE for one year; ACS for a five-year span. \nRounding method for poverty rates: rounding to 20.0% (one decimal place) yields a shorter list than rounding to 20% (whole number).\nPoverty status is not defined for all persons: foster children (unrelated individuals under age 15), institutionalized persons, and residents of college dormitories are excluded; the homeless are not targeted by household surveys; and areas with large numbers of students living off-campus may have high poverty rates.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R45100", "sha1": "32c312916f21fe28c866f0b1db2f8031c359c61e", "filename": "files/20190327_R45100_32c312916f21fe28c866f0b1db2f8031c359c61e.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45100_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190327_R45100_images_7c7111db5892901d3cdbb100107aa9e100a4f95b.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R45100", "sha1": "1a6c6c465a91079079f595835be073c303ea1369", "filename": "files/20190327_R45100_1a6c6c465a91079079f595835be073c303ea1369.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4890, "name": "Poverty" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 578399, "date": "2018-02-08", "retrieved": "2018-02-15T14:12:28.044337", "title": "The 10-20-30 Plan and Persistent Poverty Counties", "summary": "Anti-poverty interventions that provide resources to local communities, based on the characteristics of those communities, have been of interest to Congress. One such policy, dubbed the \u201c10-20-30 plan,\u201d was implemented in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA, P.L. 111-5). Title I, Section 105 of ARRA required the Secretary of Agriculture to allocate at least 10% of funds from three rural development program accounts to persistent poverty counties; that is, to counties that have had poverty rates of 20% or more for the past 30 years, as measured by the 1980, 1990, and 2000 decennial censuses. One notable characteristic of this plan is that it did not increase spending for the rural development programs addressed in ARRA, but rather targeted existing funds differently. \nResearch has suggested that areas for which the poverty rate (the percentage of the population that is below poverty) reaches 20% experience systemic problems that are more acute than in lower-poverty areas. Therefore, policy interventions at the community level (such as applying the 10-20-30 plan, to other programs besides those cited in ARRA), and not only at the individual or family level, could continue to be of interest to Congress. \nPoverty rates are computed using data from household surveys. Currently, the only data sources that provide poverty estimates for all U.S. counties are the American Community Survey (ACS) and the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates program (SAIPE); before the mid-1990s, the decennial census was the only source of county poverty estimates. Therefore, to determine whether an area is \u201cpersistently\u201d poor in a time span that ends after the year 2000, it must first be decided whether ACS or SAIPE poverty estimates will be used for the later part of that time span.\nLists of persistent poverty counties may differ by roughly 80 to 100 counties in a particular year, depending on the data source selected to compile the list and the rounding method used for the poverty rate estimates. When determining the method to be used to compile a list of persistent poverty counties, the following may be relevant to consider: \nCharacteristics of interest: SAIPE is suited for poverty or median income alone; ACS for other topics in addition to poverty and income.\nGeographic areas of interest: SAIPE is recommended for counties and school districts only; ACS produces estimates for other small geographic areas as well.\nReference period of estimate: SAIPE for one year; ACS for a five-year span. \nRounding method for poverty rates: rounding to 20.0% (one decimal place) yields a shorter list than rounding to 20% (whole number).\nPoverty status is not defined for all persons: foster children (unrelated individuals under age 15), institutionalized persons, and residents of college dormitories are excluded; the homeless are not targeted by household surveys; and areas with large numbers of students living off-campus may have high poverty rates.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://crs.gov/Reports/R45100", "sha1": "2ae92638fd304a90688fcfb40877da2c95b9c142", "filename": "files/20180208_R45100_2ae92638fd304a90688fcfb40877da2c95b9c142.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45100_files&id=/0.png": "files/20180208_R45100_images_b14499c836e661bd062568c12c04b15a15854c35.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R45100", "sha1": "bac7b1cae324e8b72481b27a447f1b4a9fb42493", "filename": "files/20180208_R45100_bac7b1cae324e8b72481b27a447f1b4a9fb42493.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4890, "name": "Poverty" } ] } ], "topics": [ "Domestic Social Policy", "Economic Policy" ] }