{ "id": "R45897", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "R", "number": "R45897", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com", "versions": [ { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "The U.S. Land-Grant University System: Overview and Role in Agricultural Research", "retrieved": "2022-09-08T04:03:16.590224", "id": "R45897_5_2022-08-09", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2022-08-09_R45897_c522fd1bb6df8ebd3b5927261b190c526a96260b.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R45897/5", "sha1": "c522fd1bb6df8ebd3b5927261b190c526a96260b" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2022-08-09_R45897_c522fd1bb6df8ebd3b5927261b190c526a96260b.html" } ], "date": "2022-08-09", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "R", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=R45897", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 604227, "date": "2019-08-29", "retrieved": "2019-08-30T22:12:42.393557", "title": "The U.S. Land-Grant University System: An Overview", "summary": "With the passage of the first Morrill Act in 1862, the United States began a then-novel policy of providing federal support for post-secondary education, focused on agriculture and the mechanical arts. The national system of land-grant colleges and universities that has developed since then is recognized for its breadth, reach, and excellence in teaching, research, and extension. Land-grant institutions are located in every U.S. state and many territories. These institutions educate the next generation of farmers, ranchers, and citizens, and form the backbone of a national network of agricultural extension and experiment stations. \nThe land-grant university system has continued to evolve through federal legislation. The federal government provides funds, often with state matching requirements, to execute the system\u2019s three-fold mission of agricultural teaching, research, and extension. The U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2019s (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) distributes these funds to the states as capacity grants, on a formula basis as determined by statute, or to participating institutions on a competitive basis. The Morrill Acts of 1862 (12 Stat. 503) and 1890 (26 Stat. 417), and the Equity in Educational Land-Grant Status Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-382 \u00a7531-535), established the three institutional categories of the land-grant system, now known as the 1862, 1890, and 1994 Institutions. The 1862 Institutions are the first land-grant institutions; 1890 Institutions are historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs); and 1994 Institutions are tribal colleges and universities (TCUs). Later legislation also recognized additional institutional categories, including non-land-grant colleges of agriculture (NLGCAs) and Hispanic-serving agricultural colleges and universities (HSACUs), for specific programs.\nThe Hatch Act of 1887 (24 Stat. 440), Evans-Allen Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-113 \u00a71445), and provisions of the Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (AREERA, P.L. 105-185) provide the framework for funding research at land-grant institutions. State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAES) associated with 1862 Institutions receive federal research capacity funds with a one-to-one non-federal matching requirement. The 1890 Institutions also receive federal research capacity funds with this matching requirement, yet USDA can waive up to 50% of their matching requirement. The 1994 Institutions can receive federal research funds through competitive grants programs. They may also use interest distributions from the Native American Institutions Endowment Fund, allocated on a formula basis, at their discretion.\nThe land-grant university system operates the U.S. Cooperative Extension Service (CES) in partnership with federal, state, and local governments. The CES provides non-formal education to agricultural producers and communities through its network of offices located in most of the more than 3,000 U.S. counties and territories. The Smith-Lever Act of 1914 (38 Stat. 372), National Agricultural Research, Education, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (NARETPA, P.L. 95-113 \u00a71444-1445), and AREERA extension provisions guide agricultural extension funding in the land-grant university system. The 1862 and 1890 Institutions receive federal capacity funds, according to separate formulas with non-federal matching requirements. USDA may waive up to 50% of the matching requirement for 1890 Institutions. The 1994 Institutions may receive federal extension funding through competitive grants. \nLooking forward, the scheduled fall 2019 relocation of NIFA from its current location in Washington, D.C.; the decades-long shifting balance of public and private investment in agricultural research; disparities in state matching funds among the different classes of land-grant institutions; and the funding of TCU land-grant institutions may invite congressional engagement.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/R45897", "sha1": "54d2ac9a07c56630fc4d4b4dc8c09ec181d3f709", "filename": "files/20190829_R45897_54d2ac9a07c56630fc4d4b4dc8c09ec181d3f709.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45897_files&id=/0.png": "files/20190829_R45897_images_8e513ecebbb31008ac1661ac6555b2e988b5c97e.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45897_files&id=/1.png": "files/20190829_R45897_images_332fbb381df4f4ea9f26e2cefe6795abeb342d0b.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=R/html/R45897_files&id=/2.png": "files/20190829_R45897_images_52d0b126f1118239440e2aa8a0244ed4425ed09b.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/R45897", "sha1": "5efa0858fffb8907390aa992527916db88aa8d54", "filename": "files/20190829_R45897_5efa0858fffb8907390aa992527916db88aa8d54.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [] } ], "topics": [ "Agricultural Policy", "Economic Policy" ] }