{
  "id": "RL30371",
  "type": "CRS Report",
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      "id": 323143,
      "date": "2006-06-21",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T18:59:24.833029",
      "title": "Serbia and Montenegro: Background and U.S. Policy",
      "summary": "Serbian strongman Slobodan Milosevic's long reign came to an end in October 2000, when he\nwas\ndeposed from power by a popular revolt after he refused to concede defeat in an election for the post\nof President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) won by his opponent, Vojislav Kostunica. \nThe new government suffered a great blow in March 2003, when Serbian Prime Minister Zoran\nDjindjic was murdered by organized crime figures linked to the Serbian security apparatus. \nOrganized crime, extremists within the Serbian military and security apparatus, and the links\nbetween them continue to pose a threat to Serbia's democratic development.\n On December 28, 2003, the extreme nationalist Serbian Radical Party won a stunning victory\nin early Serbian parliamentary elections, but fell short of a majority. In March 2004, a minority\ngovernment of democratic parties formed a government without the Radicals. However, the\ngovernment depends on the parliamentary support of the Socialists (Milosevic's former party), who\nare not in the government but are in a position to extract concessions from it. Democratic forces in\nSerbia received a boost from Serbian presidential elections in June 2004, which resulted in a victory\nfor Boris Tadic, a pro-Western, pro-reform figure over a Radical Party candidate. \n In a years-long confrontation with Milosevic, Montenegrin leader Milo Djukanovic seized\ncontrol of virtually all levers of federal power on the republic's territory. He sought to rapidly\nachieve an independent Montenegro, but opposition from the United States, European Union and\nRussia stymied these efforts. After a largely unsuccessful three-year decentralized union with Serbia,\nMontenegro voted for independence in a referendum held on May 21, 2006. Montenegro's\nindependence has been recognized by Serbia, the United States, the European Union, and other\ncountries. \n The United States and other Western countries have sought to encourage Serbia and\nMontenegro's integration into Euro-Atlantic institutions. However, these efforts have been hampered\nby controversy over the future status of Serbia's Kosovo province, Serbia's failure to fully cooperate\nwith the Yugoslavia war crimes tribunal (in particular its failure to arrest former Bosnian Serb army\nchief Ratko Mladic), and Serbia's fitful progress in such areas as rule of law and military and security\nsector reform.\n Since Milosevic's downfall, Congress has appropriated significant amounts of aid to Serbia and\nMontenegro to promote reforms. In each fiscal year from FY2001 through FY2006, Congress\nconditioned U.S. aid to Serbia on a certification by the President that a series of conditions had been\nmet by Serbia, above all cooperation with the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal. The House has passed\nsuch a certification provision in its version of the FY2007 foreign aid bill ( H.R. 5522 ).\nThis report will be updated as events warrant.",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8374/",
      "id": "RL30371 2006-01-11",
      "date": "2006-01-11",
      "retrieved": "2006-02-28T09:07:05",
      "title": "Serbia and Montenegro: Current Situation and U.S. Policy",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Politics and government",
          "name": "Politics and government"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign relations - Serbia and Montenegro - U.S.",
          "name": "Foreign relations - Serbia and Montenegro - U.S."
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Serbia and Montenegro",
          "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Serbia and Montenegro"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Politics and government - Serbia and Montenegro",
          "name": "Politics and government - Serbia and Montenegro"
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        {
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          "id": "Foreign policy",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822717/",
      "id": "RL30371_2005Feb07",
      "date": "2005-02-07",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Serbia and Montenegro: Current Situation and U.S. Policy",
      "summary": "This report discusses the state of politics in Serbia and Montenegro following the downfall of Serbian leader, Slobodan Milosevec in October 2000. In particular, the report focuses on aid from the United States to support political reforms and the various conditions set regarding the war crimes tribunal.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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      "topics": [
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign policy",
          "name": "Foreign policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Serbia",
          "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Serbia"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Military intervention",
          "name": "Military intervention"
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc818948/",
      "id": "RL30371_2005Jan18",
      "date": "2005-01-18",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Serbia and Montenegro: Current Situation and U.S. Policy",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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}