{
  "id": "RL30398",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL30398",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 101209,
      "date": "2000-01-03",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:39:54.311941",
      "title": "NATO Burdensharing and Kosovo: A Preliminary Report",
      "summary": "On March 24, 1999 the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) launched  Operation\nAllied\nForce  against the Former Republic of Yugoslavia. The military operation, which the alliance\nconducted almost entirely from the air, was intended to finally put a halt the Yugoslav government's\nbrutal, systematic expulsion of ethnic Albanians from Kosovo, a province of Serbia. The air war\ncontinued until June 10, when Belgrade capitulated to allied demands. \n   Allied Force  was not paid for by a \"NATO\" budget. As in NATO exercises over\n the past\ndecades, each country that participated in  Allied Force  was responsible for the expense\nof equipping\nand employing its own armed forces. U.S. aircraft flew the majority of the combat, intelligence, and\nsupport missions. Many U.S. policymakers have argued that the United States paid too large a share\nof the conflict's cost. \n  The international effort to bring peace and stability to Kosovo, however, was more than just an\noffensive military operation. Peacekeeping activities, humanitarian relief, refugee assistance and\nreconstruction aid, in the form of bilateral, multilateral, and private donations, will likely total in the\nbillions of dollars over the long term, and the European nations have indicated that they intend to\nplay a leading roll.\n  There is no single, definitive source of consistent data on how much each NATO member state\ncontributed to the various military and non-military activities related to Kosovo. To gain an\napproximate idea of relative costs, CRS contacted the embassies of NATO member states and\nrequested that they provide their expenditures associated with Kosovo. Other data in the report have\nbeen derived from pledges announced at the donor conferences that were held in July and November\n1999 in Brussels. \n  It should be emphasized that, unless and until more complete information becomes available,\nthe numbers presented in the summary table at the conclusion of this report should be regarded only\nas a rough guide to contributions. Any comparison of these data can only be tentative, primarily\nbecause of the countries' different national accounting practices. In addition, these numbers should\nnot simply be added together to reach a total, as they often cover different time periods. \n  This report was coordinated by Carl Ek of the Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division\n(FDT) of CRS; other FDT contributors include: Steven Bowman (allied defense spending), Lois\nMcHugh (refugee assistance), Curt Tarnoff (reconstruction), and Steven Daggett (U.S. defense\nbudget). The report will be updated as CRS receives additional information.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30398",
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs"
  ]
}