{
  "id": "RL30427",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL30427",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 306690,
      "date": "2005-07-26",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:36:43.694029",
      "title": "Missile Survey: Ballistic and Cruise Missiles of Selected Foreign Countries",
      "summary": "This report provides a current summary of ballistic and cruise missile activity in selected\ncountries\nand discusses implications for U.S. national security policy. The Defense Threat Reduction\nAgency\u2019s Weapons of Mass Destruction Terms of Reference Handbook defines a ballistic\nmissile\nas \u201ca missile that is guided during powered flight and unguided during free flight when the\ntrajectory\nthat it follows is subject only to the external influences of gravity and atmospheric drag\u201d and\na cruise\nmissile as \u201ca long-range, low-flying guided missile that can be launched from air, sea, and\nland.\u201d \nBallistic and cruise missile development and proliferation continue to pose a threat to U.S. national\nsecurity interests both at home and abroad. Approximately 35 countries currently possess operational\nballistic missiles of various ranges and approximately 25 countries have operational cruise missiles\nwith a range greater than 150 km (90 miles). Some analysts consider cruise missile proliferation to\nbe of more concern than that of ballistic missile proliferation, primarily due to their low threshold\nof use, availability, affordability, and accuracy. This report will be updated annually.\n \n With the fall of Iraq and the voluntary termination of Libya\u2019s ballistic missile program,\nmany\nview North Korean and Iranian missile and WMD programs as the primary \u201crogue\nnation\u201d\nlong-range ballistic missile threat to U.S. national security. Russia and China continue to be the only\ntwo countries that could conceivably attack the United States with intercontinental ballistic missiles\narmed with nuclear weapons, but improved relationships with both countries have done a great deal\nto diminish this threat over past decades. India\u2019s and Pakistan\u2019s ongoing missile\ndevelopment\nprograms are viewed by many as highly aggressive and even provocative, but are generally viewed\nin a regional context as opposed to a direct threat to the United States. The renewal of dialogue\nbetween these two countries in an attempt to settle their disputes by diplomatic means may also help\nin slowing proliferation as well as preventing their potential use in this region. \n \n The implications of ballistic and cruise missile proliferation to the United States has\nnecessitated both nonproliferation and counterproliferation approaches in trying to stem the\ndevelopment, deployment, and export of missiles. Past Administrations have been characterized as\nnonproliferation-oriented by some analysts while the current Bush Administration is viewed by some\nas having abandoned traditional nonproliferation for a more action-oriented approach towards\nmissile proliferation. Other experts have suggested that the United States must somehow find the\nright balance between missile nonproliferation and counterproliferation policies if meaningful,\nlong-term progress is to be made. While some believe that missile proliferation can be\n\u201crolled back\u201d\nby some combination of these approaches, others note that both ballistic and cruise missiles have\nbecome such an integral part of many countries\u2019 national security frameworks, that it is\nhighly\nunlikely that countries will abandon their programs in deference to U.S. pressure.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6093/",
      "id": "RL30427 2004-03-05",
      "date": "2004-03-05",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-12T16:43:24",
      "title": "Missile Survey: Ballistic and Cruise Missiles of Foreign Countries",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Weapons systems",
          "name": "Weapons systems"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Cruise missiles",
          "name": "Cruise missiles"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Ballistic missiles",
          "name": "Ballistic missiles"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}