{ "id": "RL30588", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "number": "RL30588", "active": true, "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 585807, "date": "2017-12-13", "retrieved": "2018-10-02T15:27:11.132996", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions that have spurred the establishment of new political opposition coalitions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether to elevate the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position to a prime ministership. The Afghan government has made some measurable progress in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments. It has adopted measures that would enable it to proceed with new parliamentary elections, but no election date has been set. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is reportedly about 15,000, of which most are assigned to the NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d (RSM) that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel\u201d (OFS). In August 2017, after several months of deliberation, President Trump announced a new strategy that includes several thousand additional U.S. forces to help Afghan forces break a \u201cstalemate\u201d in combat against insurgent groups, as well as expanded authorities to strike Taliban targets. The strategy also appears to signal a U.S. intent to more assertively pressure Pakistan to deny safe haven to Afghan militants. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents control or contest about 40% of Afghan territory, but still are not positioned to overturn the government. In May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the successor Taliban leadership has continued to produce battlefield gains and rejects new settlement talks with the government. One small insurgent group reached a settlement with the government in late September 2016, but the agreement has not, to date, broadened to other groups. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement with the Taliban might erode post-2001 human rights gains. U.S. forces have helped Afghan units kill several successive leaders of the Islamic State affiliate in Afghanistan, but without defeating the group outright. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2016, the United States provided about $111 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. The FY2017 appropriation for the ANDSF is $4.2 billion; allocations to Afghanistan from economic assistance account appropriations have not yet been finalized. For FY2018, the Trump Administration has requested $4.9 billion for the ANDSF, as well as funding for a number of other priorities, including $650 million in economic support.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "88d38d9b1b99be7a8d2b92e1cdaab795fe099551", "filename": "files/20171213_RL30588_88d38d9b1b99be7a8d2b92e1cdaab795fe099551.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/2.png": "files/20171213_RL30588_images_2ca97622baf50c1184722623e0288f553f093565.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/3.png": "files/20171213_RL30588_images_6914d2fccf0fe7841843e86d7f161954759de4c4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/1.png": "files/20171213_RL30588_images_e91d25235af8a638182539629c493f36272a7eb6.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/0.png": "files/20171213_RL30588_images_a32d55b6dd9579e932b611ee12feeb5ce0c6a79a.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "0a51c51635f5c5fcd227fe6dc9d4dda135ef1aa4", "filename": "files/20171213_RL30588_0a51c51635f5c5fcd227fe6dc9d4dda135ef1aa4.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4818, "name": "Afghanistan & Pakistan" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 575356, "date": "2017-11-07", "retrieved": "2017-11-14T14:24:40.554306", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions that have spurred the establishment of new political opposition coalitions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether to elevate the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position to a prime ministership. The Afghan government has made some measurable progress in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments. It has adopted measures that would enable it to proceed with new parliamentary elections, but no election date has been set. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d (RSM) that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel\u201d (OFS). Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains, in June 2016 President Obama amended prior troop reduction plans in order to keep 9,800 U.S. forces there through 2016, and to decrease to 8,400 as of the beginning of 2017, though the actual figure is higher than that authorized level, averaging around 11,000. In August 2017, after several months of deliberation, President Trump announced a new strategy that could include an additional 4,000 U.S. forces to help Afghan forces break a \u201cstalemate\u201d in combat against insurgent groups. The strategy also appears to signal a U.S. intent to more assertively pressure Pakistan to deny safe haven to Afghan militants. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents control or contest about 40% of Afghan territory, but still are not positioned to overturn the government. In May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the successor Taliban leadership has continued to produce battlefield gains and rejects new settlement talks with the government. One small insurgent group reached a settlement with the government in late September 2016, but the agreement has not, to date, broadened to other groups. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement with the Taliban might erode post-2001 human rights gains. U.S. forces have helped Afghan units kill several successive leaders of the Islamic State affiliate in Afghanistan, but without defeating the group outright. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2016, the United States provided about $111 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. The FY2017 appropriation for the ANDSF is $4.2 billion; allocations to Afghanistan from economic assistance account appropriations have not yet been finalized. For FY2018, the Trump Administration has requested $4.9 billion for the ANDSF, as well as funding for a number of other priorities, including $650 million in economic support.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "112ad73aeb10b4b9507e8c309a2b731a1ca37ede", "filename": "files/20171107_RL30588_112ad73aeb10b4b9507e8c309a2b731a1ca37ede.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/0.png": "files/20171107_RL30588_images_a32d55b6dd9579e932b611ee12feeb5ce0c6a79a.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/2.png": "files/20171107_RL30588_images_2ca97622baf50c1184722623e0288f553f093565.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/3.png": "files/20171107_RL30588_images_6914d2fccf0fe7841843e86d7f161954759de4c4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/1.png": "files/20171107_RL30588_images_e91d25235af8a638182539629c493f36272a7eb6.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "feaeb00ccb24a2fc361f1a7bfdd0136f6ecfcfbe", "filename": "files/20171107_RL30588_feaeb00ccb24a2fc361f1a7bfdd0136f6ecfcfbe.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4818, "name": "Afghanistan & Pakistan" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 573731, "date": "2017-10-02", "retrieved": "2017-10-04T13:53:35.309078", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions that have spurred the establishment of new political opposition coalitions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether to elevate the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position to a prime ministership. The Afghan government has made some measurable progress in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments. It has adopted measures that would enable it to proceed with new parliamentary elections, but no election date has been set. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d (RSM) that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel\u201d (OFS). Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains, in June 2016 President Obama amended prior troop reduction plans in order to keep 9,800 U.S. forces there through 2016, and to decrease to 8,400 as of the beginning of 2017, though the actual figure is higher than that authorized level, averaging around 11,000. In August 2017, after several months of deliberation, President Trump announced a new strategy that could include an additional 4,000 U.S. forces to help Afghan forces break a \u201cstalemate\u201d in combat against insurgent groups. The strategy also appears to signal a U.S. intent to more assertively pressure Pakistan to deny safe haven to Afghan militants. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents control or contest about 40% of Afghan territory, but still are not positioned to overturn the government. In May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the successor Taliban leadership has continued to produce battlefield gains and rejects new settlement talks with the government. One small insurgent group reached a settlement with the government in late September 2016, but the agreement has not, to date, broadened to other groups. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement with the Taliban might erode post-2001 human rights gains. U.S. forces have helped Afghan units kill several successive leaders of the Islamic State affiliate in Afghanistan, but without defeating the group outright. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2016, the United States provided about $111 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. The FY2017 appropriation for the ANDSF is $4.2 billion; allocations to Afghanistan from economic assistance account appropriations have not yet been finalized. For FY2018, the Trump Administration has requested $4.9 billion for the ANDSF, as well as funding for a number of other priorities, including $650 million in economic support.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "0fdd8a333083d2e267b94180c645503de5161fdf", "filename": "files/20171002_RL30588_0fdd8a333083d2e267b94180c645503de5161fdf.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/0.png": "files/20171002_RL30588_images_a59043b9011d1714109888a8f82d64b0a16f3c20.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/2.png": "files/20171002_RL30588_images_2ca97622baf50c1184722623e0288f553f093565.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/3.png": "files/20171002_RL30588_images_c208021408fb4ad35263f235926248dda50ba29b.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/1.png": "files/20171002_RL30588_images_e8e88aa2a34ca8b041c7971d5218304f54f5a077.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "b037b07a212a8ced00d10f823015d2783f3225af", "filename": "files/20171002_RL30588_b037b07a212a8ced00d10f823015d2783f3225af.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4818, "name": "Afghanistan & Pakistan" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 463471, "date": "2017-08-22", "retrieved": "2017-08-24T18:42:19.476739", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions that have spurred the establishment of new political opposition coalitions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether to elevate the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position to a prime ministership. The Afghan government has made some measurable progress in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments. It has adopted measures that would enable it to proceed with new parliamentary elections, but no election date has been set. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d (RSM) that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel\u201d (OFS). Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains, in June 2016 President Obama amended prior troop reduction plans in order to keep 9,800 U.S. forces there through 2016, and to decrease to 8,400 as of the beginning of 2017. In August 2017, after several months of deliberation, President Trump announced a new strategy that could include an additional 4,000 U.S. forces to help Afghan forces break a \u201cstalemate\u201d in combat against insurgent groups. The strategy also appears to signal a U.S. intent to more assertively pressure Pakistan to deny safe haven to Afghan militants. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents control or contest about 40% of Afghan territory, but still are not positioned to overturn the government. In May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the successor Taliban leadership has continued to produce battlefield gains and rejects new settlement talks with the government. One small insurgent group reached a settlement with the government in late September 2016, but the agreement has not, to date, broadened to other groups. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement with the Taliban might erode post-2001 human rights gains. U.S. forces have helped Afghan units kill several successive leaders of the Islamic State affiliate in Afghanistan, but without defeating the group outright. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF and, for FY2016, $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The FY2017 appropriation for the ANDSF is $4.2 billion; allocations to Afghanistan from economic assistance account appropriations have not yet been finalized. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "9d67c862d3d3767c983c27f59b240dd839d4a7c0", "filename": "files/20170822_RL30588_9d67c862d3d3767c983c27f59b240dd839d4a7c0.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/2.png": "files/20170822_RL30588_images_a97a15520d2e6bf2e92a02b2eeedafbb2f13aaa2.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/3.png": "files/20170822_RL30588_images_c208021408fb4ad35263f235926248dda50ba29b.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/1.png": "files/20170822_RL30588_images_e91d25235af8a638182539629c493f36272a7eb6.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170822_RL30588_images_a32d55b6dd9579e932b611ee12feeb5ce0c6a79a.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "bb1a2f77cb4a242262e643d8549580fc794a93ec", "filename": "files/20170822_RL30588_bb1a2f77cb4a242262e643d8549580fc794a93ec.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4818, "name": "Afghanistan & Pakistan" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 462887, "date": "2017-07-24", "retrieved": "2017-08-22T13:46:39.712793", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions that have spurred the establishment of new political opposition coalitions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether to elevate the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position to a prime ministership. The Afghan government has made some measurable progress in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments. It has adopted measures that would enable it to proceed with new parliamentary elections, but no election date has been set. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d (RSM) that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel\u201d (OFS). Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains, in June 2016 President Obama amended prior troop reduction plans in order to keep 9,800 U.S. forces there through 2016, and to decrease to 8,400 as of the beginning of 2017\u2014roughly the current U.S. force level. However, in the early stages of the Trump Administration, policymakers are reportedly weighing an additional 3,000-5,000 U.S. forces to help Afghan forces break a \u201cstalemate\u201d in combat against insurgent groups. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents control or contest about 40% of Afghan territory, but still are not positioned to overturn the government. In May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the successor Taliban leadership has continued to produce battlefield gains and rejects new settlement talks with the government. One small insurgent group reached a settlement with the government in late September 2016, but the agreement has not, to date, broadened to other groups. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement with the Taliban might erode post-2001 human rights gains. U.S. forces have helped Afghan units kill several successive leaders of the Islamic State affiliate in Afghanistan, but without defeating the group outright. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF and, for FY2016, $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The FY2017 appropriation for the ANDSF is $4.2 billion; allocations to Afghanistan from economic assistance account appropriations have not yet been finalized. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "d9fbef8006ca0a36d553db103461492ad42a6c3c", "filename": "files/20170724_RL30588_d9fbef8006ca0a36d553db103461492ad42a6c3c.html", "images": { "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/2.png": "files/20170724_RL30588_images_2ca97622baf50c1184722623e0288f553f093565.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/3.png": "files/20170724_RL30588_images_6914d2fccf0fe7841843e86d7f161954759de4c4.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/1.png": "files/20170724_RL30588_images_e91d25235af8a638182539629c493f36272a7eb6.png", "/products/Getimages/?directory=RL/html/RL30588_files&id=/0.png": "files/20170724_RL30588_images_a32d55b6dd9579e932b611ee12feeb5ce0c6a79a.png" } }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "7eda8b7f424a54ca3c28978927c60da7afd42692", "filename": "files/20170724_RL30588_7eda8b7f424a54ca3c28978927c60da7afd42692.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4818, "name": "Afghanistan & Pakistan" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 461363, "date": "2017-05-19", "retrieved": "2017-05-24T16:15:18.200017", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether to elevate the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position to a prime ministership. The progress of the Afghan government in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments was assessed by an international meeting on Afghanistan during October 4-5, in Brussels, as sufficient to merit continued international assistance. The government has adopted measures that would enable it to proceed with new parliamentary elections, but no election date has been set. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d (RSM) that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and associated terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel\u201d (OFS). Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains, in June 2016 President Obama amended prior troop reduction plans in order to keep 9,800 U.S. forces there through 2016, and to decrease to 8,400 as of the beginning of 2017. That replaced a plan to reduce the force to 5,500 by the end of 2016, which in turn superseded a 2011 plan to reduce to about 1,000 U.S. personnel by that same time frame. However, in the early stages of the Trump Administration, U.S. commanders assess that about 3,000-5,000 more U.S. forces are required to help Afghan forces break a \u201cstalemate\u201d in combat against insurgent groups. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents control or contest about 40% of Afghan territory, but still are not positioned to overturn the government. In May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the successor Taliban leadership has continued to produce battlefield gains and rejects new settlement talks with the government. One small insurgent group reached a settlement with the government in late September 2016, but the agreement has not, to date, broadened to other groups. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement with the Taliban might erode post-2001 human rights gains. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF and, for FY2016, $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The FY2017 appropriation for the ANDSF is $4.2 billion; allocations to Afghanistan from economic assistance account appropriations have not yet been finalized. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "572af551c33e7d1352918a851a0facf0d9c9a269", "filename": "files/20170519_RL30588_572af551c33e7d1352918a851a0facf0d9c9a269.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "f2946e511e44802d1f5856ad8648ef9a4a5a2ee4", "filename": "files/20170519_RL30588_f2946e511e44802d1f5856ad8648ef9a4a5a2ee4.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4818, "name": "Afghanistan & Pakistan" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 460071, "date": "2017-03-28", "retrieved": "2017-03-31T18:55:05.862795", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position might be elevated to a prime ministership in a restructured government. The progress of the Afghan government in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments was assessed by an international meeting on Afghanistan during October 4-5, in Brussels, as sufficient to merit continued international assistance. And, in late 2016, the government adopted the requisite measures to, at the very least, move forward with new parliamentary elections. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and associated terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel.\u201d Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains, in June 2016 President Obama amended prior troop reduction plans in order to keep 9,800 U.S. forces there through 2016, and to decrease to 8,400 as of the beginning of 2017. That replaced a plan to reduce the force to 5,500 by the end of 2016, which in turn superseded a 2011 plan to reduce to about 1,000 U.S. personnel by that same time frame. However, in the early stages of the Trump Administration, U.S. commanders assess that about 2,000 more U.S. forces are required to help Afghan forces break a \u201cstalemate\u201d in combat against insurgent groups. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents control or contest for about 30% of Afghan territory, but still do not threaten to overturn the government. In May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the successor Taliban leadership has continued to produce battlefield gains and has rejected new settlement talks with the government. One small insurgent group reached a settlement with the government in late September 2016, but the agreement has not, to date, broadened to other groups. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement with the Taliban might erode post-2001 human rights gains. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF and, for FY2016, $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The United States is providing about $4.67 billion for FY2017, including $3.5 billion for the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "4ad962610c7dd1086e5b017ab23e1467d2f66db5", "filename": "files/20170328_RL30588_4ad962610c7dd1086e5b017ab23e1467d2f66db5.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "33b39dd13d777a23589ced7c931001b8e892457b", "filename": "files/20170328_RL30588_33b39dd13d777a23589ced7c931001b8e892457b.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4818, "name": "Afghanistan & Pakistan" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 458281, "date": "2017-01-12", "retrieved": "2017-01-24T17:01:09.777600", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position might be elevated to a prime ministership in a restructured government. The progress of the Afghan government in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments was assessed by an international meeting on Afghanistan during October 4-5, in Brussels, as sufficient to merit continued international assistance. And, in late 2016, the government adopted the requisite measures to, at the very least, move forward with new parliamentary elections. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and associated terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel.\u201d Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains, in June 2016 President Obama amended prior troop reduction plans in order to keep 9,800 U.S. forces there through 2016, and to decrease to 8,400 as of the beginning of 2017. That replaced a plan to reduce the force to 5,500 by the end of 2016, which in turn superseded a 2011 plan to reduce to about 1,000 U.S. personnel by that same time frame. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents control or contest for about 30% of Afghan territory, but still do not threaten to overturn the government. In May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the successor Taliban leadership has continued to produce battlefield gains and has rejected new settlement talks with the government. One small insurgent group reached a settlement with the government in late September 2016, but the agreement has not, to date, broadened to other groups. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement with the Taliban might erode post-2001 human rights gains. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF and, for FY2016, $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The Obama Administration requested about $4.67 billion for FY2017, including $3.5 billion for the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. See CRS Report RS21922, Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance, by Kenneth Katzman.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "d99a04cf49564eccc54aec40128b2ab377ea9706", "filename": "files/20170112_RL30588_d99a04cf49564eccc54aec40128b2ab377ea9706.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "e1228ec8b65531cba5f0be66792edbc97e20470c", "filename": "files/20170112_RL30588_e1228ec8b65531cba5f0be66792edbc97e20470c.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4818, "name": "Afghanistan & Pakistan" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 456983, "date": "2016-11-08", "retrieved": "2016-11-28T21:10:39.981327", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position might be elevated to a prime ministership in a restructured government. The progress of the Afghan government in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments was assessed by an international meeting on Afghanistan during October 4-5, in Brussels, as sufficient to merit continued international assistance. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, is about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and associated terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel.\u201d Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains, in June 2016 President Obama amended prior troop reduction plans in order to keep 9,800 U.S. forces there through 2016, and to decrease to 8,400 thereafter. That replaced a prior plan to draw down to a force of 5,500 by the end of 2016, which in turn superseded a 2011 plan to reduce to about 1,000 U.S. personnel by that same time frame. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents still do not pose a threat to the stability of the government. In late May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the successor Taliban leadership, which has continued to produce battlefield gains, does not appear to be inclined to restart settlement talks with the government that broke off in mid-2015. An insurgent leader reached a settlement with the government in late September 2016, but there are no indications that this agreement will broaden to other groups. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement with the Taliban might erode post-2001 human rights gains. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was being provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF. For FY2016, the United States is providing $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The Administration has requested about $4.67 billion for FY2017, of which $3.5 billion is for the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. See CRS Report RS21922, Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance, by Kenneth Katzman.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "cd8bb33fbbfcb8317fca603a019bb4dcd51b54b3", "filename": "files/20161108_RL30588_cd8bb33fbbfcb8317fca603a019bb4dcd51b54b3.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "f5fba18a123dd3110beb6c03a0770b2655fed30f", "filename": "files/20161108_RL30588_f5fba18a123dd3110beb6c03a0770b2655fed30f.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4818, "name": "Afghanistan & Pakistan" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 456078, "date": "2016-09-26", "retrieved": "2016-10-17T19:24:19.530762", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for failing to prevent insurgent gains but also for its internal divisions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline was not met for enacting election reforms and deciding whether the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position might be elevated to a prime ministership in a restructured government. The progress of the Afghan government in reducing corruption and implementing its budgetary and other commitments will be assessed at an international donors\u2019 meeting in Brussels on October 4-5. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, stands at about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and associated terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel.\u201d Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains\u2014exemplified by the Taliban capture of the city of Konduz in late September 2015 and significant gains in Helmand and other provinces in 2016\u2014President Obama has amended prior troop reduction plans in order to keep 9,800 U.S. forces there through 2016, and to decrease to 8,400 thereafter. Previous plans called for a post-2016 force of 5,500, which itself replaced a plan announced in 2011 to reduce to about 1,000 U.S. personnel by that same time frame. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents still do not pose a threat to the stability of the government. In late May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the successor Taliban leadership, which has continued to produce battlefield gains, does not appear to be inclined to restart settlement talks with the government that broke off in mid-2015. An insurgent leader reached a settlement with the government in late September 2016, but there are no indications that this agreement will broaden to other groups. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement with the Taliban might erode post-2001 human rights gains. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was being provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF. For FY2016, the United States is providing $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The Administration has requested about $4.67 billion for FY2017, of which $3.5 billion is for the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. See CRS Report RS21922, Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance, by Kenneth Katzman.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "4c7632933a589b0d04846dc5d485c4c1e45eac81", "filename": "files/20160926_RL30588_4c7632933a589b0d04846dc5d485c4c1e45eac81.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "1e9dd033785515ff380637d6310df5cc28f521fd", "filename": "files/20160926_RL30588_1e9dd033785515ff380637d6310df5cc28f521fd.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4758, "name": "Middle East & North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4786, "name": "Europe, Russia, & Eurasia" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4818, "name": "Afghanistan & Pakistan" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4878, "name": "International Terrorism, Trafficking, & Crime" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 454339, "date": "2016-07-15", "retrieved": "2016-09-09T19:11:14.257386", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for the security situation but for its internal divisions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline approaches for resolving remaining issues such as election reform and whether the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position might be elevated to a prime ministership in a restructured government. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in 2011, stands at about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and associated terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel.\u201d Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains\u2014exemplified by the Taliban capture of the city of Konduz in late September 2015 and its major gains in Helmand Province\u2014President Obama announced on October 15, 2015, that the U.S. force there would remain at its current size through almost all of 2016, and fall to 5,500 by the end of the year. On July 6, 2016, President Obama stated that the \u201csecurity situation in Afghanistan remains precarious\u201d and announced that the U.S .force would decrease instead to 8,400 at the end of 2016, remaining at that level at least until his term ends. This is significantly larger than the initially planned post-2016 force of about 1,000 personnel. \nU.S. officials assert that insurgents still do not pose a threat to the stability of the government. In late May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the strike and Taliban leadership transition might hinder Afghan government efforts to restart conflict settlement talks with the Taliban. President Ashraf Ghani had some earlier success in producing negotiations, but talks broke off in mid-2015, possibly because Taliban victories strengthened those arguing against talks. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement might erode post-2001 human rights gains. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was being provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF. For FY2016, the United States is providing $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The Administration has requested about $4.67 billion for FY2017, of which $3.5 billion is for the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. See CRS Report RS21922, Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance, by Kenneth Katzman.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "b4976088ab72ab14f3f06a04fb1334f61fbae88f", "filename": "files/20160715_RL30588_b4976088ab72ab14f3f06a04fb1334f61fbae88f.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "6de049fc783cbafb6472b4fe45bf96a5bf65bfa4", "filename": "files/20160715_RL30588_6de049fc783cbafb6472b4fe45bf96a5bf65bfa4.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 282, "name": "Middle East and North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 283, "name": "Russia and the Caucasus" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 3456, "name": "Terrorism and Counterterrorism Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 453165, "date": "2016-06-06", "retrieved": "2016-06-21T21:07:44.545819", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for the security situation but for its internal divisions. In September 2014, the United States brokered a compromise to address a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline approaches for resolving remaining issues such as election reform and whether the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) position created under the compromise might become a prime ministership in a restructured government. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in June 2011, stands at about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d that trains, assists, and advises the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and associated terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel.\u201d Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains\u2014exemplified by the Taliban capture of the city of Konduz in late September 2015 and its major gains in Helmand Province\u2014President Obama announced on October 15, 2015, that the U.S. force there would remain at its current size through almost all of 2016, and fall to 5,500 by the end of the year. That is a significantly larger than the force of about 1,000 personnel that was announced previously, and, there is reported consideration within the Administration to further postpone or even cancel the reduction to 5,500. \nU.S. officials assert that, despite the apparent deterioration of the security situation, insurgents do not pose a threat to the stability of the government. In late May 2016, the vulnerabilities of the Taliban were exposed when the United States tracked and killed with an unmanned aerial vehicle strike the head of the Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansour. However, the strike and Mansour\u2019s replacement might, at least temporarily, set back renewed efforts by the Afghan government to try to achieve a negotiated settlement with the Taliban. President Ashraf Ghani had some early success in producing negotiations between government officials and Taliban representatives, but talks broke off in mid-2015. Efforts to restart the talks by the United States, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and China failed, possibly because Taliban victories strengthened those arguing against talks. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement might erode post-2001 human rights gains. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was being provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF. For FY2016, the United States is providing $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The Administration has requested about $4.67 billion for FY2017, of which $3.5 billion is for the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. See CRS Report RS21922, Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance, by Kenneth Katzman.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30588", "sha1": "c3ae3b67bb56f9bc0b5fe070cff9a9d35459787d", "filename": "files/20160606_RL30588_c3ae3b67bb56f9bc0b5fe070cff9a9d35459787d.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30588", "sha1": "ca03aebee42a2460f1fad834c369ae6e93f3d042", "filename": "files/20160606_RL30588_ca03aebee42a2460f1fad834c369ae6e93f3d042.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 282, "name": "Middle East and North Africa" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 283, "name": "Russia and the Caucasus" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 3456, "name": "Terrorism and Counterterrorism Policy" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 451849, "date": "2016-04-15", "retrieved": "2016-05-24T19:21:14.678941", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States, partner countries, and the Afghan government are attempting to reverse recent gains made by the resilient Taliban-led insurgency since the December 2014 transition to a smaller international mission consisting primarily of training and advising the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF). The Afghan government has come under increasing domestic criticism not only for the security situation but for its internal divisions since the September 2014, U.S.-brokered solution under which Ashraf Ghani became President and Dr. Abdullah Abdullah was appointed to a new position of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the government. The compromise addressed a dispute over the 2014 presidential election, but a September 2016 deadline approaches for resolving remaining issues such as election reform and whether the CEO position might become a prime ministership in a restructured government. \nThe number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in June 2011, stands at about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d to train, assist, and advise the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and associated terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel.\u201d Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing insurgent gains\u2014exemplified by the Taliban capture of the city of Konduz in late September 2015 and its major gains in Helmand Province\u2014President Obama announced on October 15, 2015, that the U.S. force there would remain at its current size through almost all of 2016, and fall to 5,500 by the end of the year. A 5,500 person post-2016 force is significantly larger than the force of about 1,000 personnel that was announced previously. And, there is reported consideration within the Administration to maintain the 9,800 person force indefinitely, or at least not reduce to 5,500 by the end of 2016. \nU.S. officials assert that, despite the apparent deterioration of the security situation, insurgents do not pose a threat to the stability of the government. The government has been allowing local factional militias to regroup in order to help compensate for ANDSF weaknesses, even though militias have often been cited for human rights abuses and arbitrary administration of justice, actions that often increase support for the insurgency. \nGhani, in concert with several neighboring countries, is taking significant steps to try to achieve a negotiated settlement between the Afghan government and insurgent groups. Ghani had some early success in producing negotiations between government officials and Taliban representatives, but talks broke off in mid-2015 because of dissension within the Taliban over the benefits of negotiations and a struggle over succession to Taliban leader Mullah Mohammad Umar. Efforts to restart the talks have been undertaken as of late 2015 by the United States, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and China, but the Taliban has thus far refused to return to negotiations, possibly because its battlefield victories have strengthened those arguing against talks. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement might erode post-2001 human rights gains. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was being provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF. For FY2016, the United States is providing $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The Administration has requested about $4.67 billion for FY2017, of which $3.5 billion is for the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. 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The number of U.S. forces in Afghanistan, which peaked at about 100,000 in June 2011, stands at about 9,800, of which most are assigned to the 13,000-person NATO-led \u201cResolute Support Mission\u201d to train, assist, and advise the ANDSF. About 2,000 of the U.S. contingent are involved in combat against Al Qaeda and associated terrorist groups, including the Afghanistan branch of the Islamic State organization (ISIL-Khorasan), under U.S. \u201cOperation Freedom\u2019s Sentinel.\u201d Amid assessments that the ANDSF is having difficulty preventing gains by the Taliban and other militant groups\u2014exemplified by the insurgent overrunning of the northern city of city of Konduz in late September 2015 and major insurgent gains in Helmand Province\u2014President Obama announced on October 15, 2015, that about 10,000 U.S. military personnel would remain in Afghanistan through almost all of 2016, and fall by the end of 2016 to 5,500. That post-2016 force is significantly larger than the planned post-2016 U.S. force of about 1,000 personnel that was previously announced. However, there reportedly is debate within the Administration whether the United States should maintain current troop levels indefinitely and not reduce to 5,500 by the end of 2016, and perhaps not reduce at all. \nU.S. officials assert that, despite the apparent deterioration of the security situation, insurgents do not pose a threat to the stability of the government. The government has been allowing local factional militias to regroup in order to help compensate for ANDSF weaknesses, even though militias have often been cited for human rights abuses and arbitrary administration of justice, actions that often increase support for the insurgency. The insurgency also benefits from weak and divided governance in Afghanistan. A dispute over the 2014 presidential election in Afghanistan was settled in September 2014 by a U.S.-brokered solution under which Ashraf Ghani became President and Dr. Abdullah Abdullah was appointed to a new position of Chief Executive Officer of the government. However, differences between Ghani and Abdullah persist over appointments, election reform and the future structure of government, and how to pursue a political settlement in the conflict. Governance is also widely assessed to suffer from widespread official corruption, although Ghani has undertaken anti-corruption initiatives since taking office. \nGhani is taking significant steps to try to achieve a negotiated settlement between the Afghan government and insurgent groups by engaging Afghanistan\u2019s neighbors. Ghani had some early success in producing negotiations between government officials and Taliban representatives, but talks broke off in mid-2015 because of dissension within the Taliban over the benefits of negotiations and a struggle over succession to Taliban leader Mullah Mohammad Umar. Efforts to restart the talks have been undertaken as of late 2015 by the United States, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and China. Afghanistan\u2019s minorities and women\u2019s groups assert concerns that a settlement might produce compromises with the Taliban that erode human rights. \nA component of U.S. policy to help establish a self-sustaining Afghanistan is to encourage economic development and integration into regional trading patterns. However, Afghanistan will remain dependent on foreign aid for many years. Through the end of FY2014, the United States provided about $100 billion to Afghanistan since the fall of the Taliban, of which about 60% has been to equip and train the ANDSF. About $5.7 billion was being provided in FY2015, including $4.1 billion for the ANDSF. For FY2016, the United States is providing $5.3 billion, including $3.8 billion for the ANDSF. The Administration has requested about $4.67 billion for FY2017, of which $3.5 billion is for the ANDSF. These figures do not include funds for U.S. military operations in Afghanistan. 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This report also discusses the U.S.-Afghanistan relationship, in both the short and long term, and U.S. efforts under the Obama Administration to provide military, reconstructive, and stabilization aid.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20150120_RL30588_fcb732757ed9ab3e33b8937cc60674224b48a0a5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20150120_RL30588_fcb732757ed9ab3e33b8937cc60674224b48a0a5.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Afghanistan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Afghanistan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American military assistance -- Afghanistan", "name": "American military assistance -- Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government -- Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491142/", "id": "RL30588_2014Dec02", "date": "2014-12-02", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report discusses the current political state of Afghanistan, focusing particularly on the influence of the Taliban and other militant groups, and on the leadership of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. 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This report also discusses the U.S.-Afghanistan relationship, in both the short and long term, and U.S. efforts under the Obama Administration to provide military, reconstructive, and stabilization aid.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20141009_RL30588_e7cb7b34ebeacd90a4b33857507b00f632bcadf0.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20141009_RL30588_e7cb7b34ebeacd90a4b33857507b00f632bcadf0.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American military assistance -- Afghanistan", "name": "American military assistance -- Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations -- U.S. -- Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations -- Afghanistan -- U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations -- Afghanistan -- U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government -- Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government -- Afghanistan" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332881/", "id": "RL30588_2014Jul11", "date": "2014-07-11", "retrieved": "2014-08-27T12:47:05", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report discusses the current political state of Afghanistan, focusing particularly on the influence of the Taliban and other militant groups, and on the leadership of Afghan President Hamid Karzai. 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Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060406_RL30588_861e58ceab1d16dfa3499381e8ca59efc9faa915.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060406_RL30588_861e58ceab1d16dfa3499381e8ca59efc9faa915.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan", "name": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8574/", "id": "RL30588 2006-03-17", "date": "2006-03-17", "retrieved": "2006-04-19T08:31:49", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060317_RL30588_bffb95380d289ac702f8f3c02dbfbe6e85c476d8.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060317_RL30588_bffb95380d289ac702f8f3c02dbfbe6e85c476d8.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan", "name": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8459/", "id": "RL30588 2006-02-21", "date": "2006-02-21", "retrieved": "2006-03-20T09:36:01", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060221_RL30588_3c0d6c1f4c4cf86ffa0a016aa7c27ec3da1ff596.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060221_RL30588_3c0d6c1f4c4cf86ffa0a016aa7c27ec3da1ff596.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan", "name": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8664/", "id": "RL30588 2006-01-11", "date": "2006-01-11", "retrieved": "2006-06-01T12:55:16", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20060111_RL30588_8df55c32b0053207abc8d1af3df577f5bd75df3d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20060111_RL30588_8df55c32b0053207abc8d1af3df577f5bd75df3d.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7145/", "id": "RL30588 2005-08-31", "date": "2005-08-31", "retrieved": "2005-09-20T10:01:05", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050831_RL30588_cdce1e5018e40f19f9551fb725009a390f53c93d.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050831_RL30588_cdce1e5018e40f19f9551fb725009a390f53c93d.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan", "name": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6913/", "id": "RL30588 2005-07-26", "date": "2005-07-26", "retrieved": "2005-08-16T09:39:50", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050726_RL30588_0ed2911b89a1dc0869bdcb22de910a730596a729.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050726_RL30588_0ed2911b89a1dc0869bdcb22de910a730596a729.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan", "name": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6915/", "id": "RL30588 2005-06-15", "date": "2005-06-15", "retrieved": "2005-08-16T09:43:53", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050615_RL30588_976e3aaf75437999251d72322c942daece2d5cdd.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050615_RL30588_976e3aaf75437999251d72322c942daece2d5cdd.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan", "name": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6914/", "id": "RL30588 2005-05-19", "date": "2005-05-19", "retrieved": "2005-08-16T09:41:54", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050519_RL30588_595ba9d8c4e22136ebaa7915f58f4e1318dd02f5.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050519_RL30588_595ba9d8c4e22136ebaa7915f58f4e1318dd02f5.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan", "name": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6912/", "id": "RL30588 2005-04-21", "date": "2005-04-21", "retrieved": "2005-08-16T09:37:55", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "Afghanistan\u2019s stabilization appears to be gathering strength, about three years after the U.S.-led war that brought the current government to power. Successful presidential elections held on October 9, 2004 appear to be accelerating political and economic reconstruction, and the insurgency led by remnants of the former Taliban regime has been diminishing significantly. Since the defeat of the Taliban, Afghanistan no longer serves as a safe base of\r\noperations for Al Qaeda. Remaining obstacles to stability include the continued local authority of militias controlled by regional leaders and growing narcotics trafficking. U.S. stabilization measures focus on strengthening the central government and its security forces. This report discusses U.S. efforts in Afghanistan at length, as well as the efforts of other countries around the world and the costs of U.S. aid to Afghanistan.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050421_RL30588_042071e08b56357edfb1a3623d5e5d798853fb33.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050421_RL30588_042071e08b56357edfb1a3623d5e5d798853fb33.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan", "name": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc814939/", "id": "RL30588_2005Mar31", "date": "2005-03-31", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": null, "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050331_RL30588_41b3efc723b35b583a3211645725fd11e797a742.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050331_RL30588_41b3efc723b35b583a3211645725fd11e797a742.html" } ], "topics": [] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821591/", "id": "RL30588_2005Feb17", "date": "2005-02-17", "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "This report discusses post-war governance and security in Afghanistan after more than 22 years of warfare, including a U.S.- led war that brought the current government to power.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20050217_RL30588_58c65bc049adf148c71a784f884f6e5c629086da.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20050217_RL30588_58c65bc049adf148c71a784f884f6e5c629086da.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan", "name": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6020/", "id": "RL30588 2004-12-28", "date": "2004-12-28", "retrieved": "2005-06-12T01:41:05", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. As the war against remaining Al Qaeda and Taliban elements winds down, the United States is shifting its military focus toward stabilizing the interim government, including training a new Afghan national army, and supporting the international security force (ISAF) that is helping the new government provide security.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20041228_RL30588_969f5b0899a7d35f621965e5f0ee59ccd79f5b48.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20041228_RL30588_969f5b0899a7d35f621965e5f0ee59ccd79f5b48.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government", "name": "Politics and government" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S.", "name": "Foreign relations - Afghanistan - U.S." }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan", "name": "Foreign relations - U.S. - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan", "name": "American economic assistance - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Politics and government - Afghanistan", "name": "Politics and government - Afghanistan" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign policy", "name": "Foreign policy" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Foreign aid", "name": "Foreign aid" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7837/", "id": "RL30588 2004-12-16", "date": "2004-12-16", "retrieved": "2005-12-21T16:03:13", "title": "Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy", "summary": "The United States and its allies are helping Afghanistan emerging from more than 22 years of warfare, although substantial risk to Afghan stability remains. Before the U.S. military campaign against the orthodox Islamist Taliban movement began on October 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The defeat of the Taliban has enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. 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