{ "id": "RL30631", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "RL", "number": "RL30631", "active": true, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov, EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "versions": [ { "source_dir": "crsreports.congress.gov", "title": "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress", "retrieved": "2023-08-25T04:03:39.386230", "id": "RL30631_38_2023-07-25", "formats": [ { "filename": "files/2023-07-25_RL30631_16b4b00b0f3330a309678858cd0e30414ac676f5.pdf", "format": "PDF", "url": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/RL/RL30631/38", "sha1": "16b4b00b0f3330a309678858cd0e30414ac676f5" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/2023-07-25_RL30631_16b4b00b0f3330a309678858cd0e30414ac676f5.html" } ], "date": "2023-07-25", "summary": null, "source": "CRSReports.Congress.gov", "typeId": "RL", "active": true, "sourceLink": "https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/details?prodcode=RL30631", "type": "CRS Report" }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 603421, "date": "2019-08-08", "retrieved": "2019-08-12T22:07:12.740148", "title": "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress", "summary": "Prior to 1984, neither federal civil service employees nor Members of Congress paid Social Security taxes, nor were they eligible for Social Security benefits. Members of Congress and other federal employees were instead covered by a separate pension plan called the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). The 1983 amendments to the Social Security Act (P.L. 98-21) required federal employees first hired after 1983 to participate in Social Security. These amendments also required all Members of Congress to participate in Social Security as of January 1, 1984, regardless of when they first entered Congress. Because CSRS was not designed to coordinate with Social Security, Congress directed the development of a new retirement plan for federal workers. The result was the Federal Employees\u2019 Retirement System Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-335).\nMembers of Congress first elected in 1984 or later are covered automatically under the Federal Employees\u2019 Retirement System (FERS). All Senators and those Representatives serving as Members prior to September 30, 2003, may decline this coverage. Representatives entering office on or after September 30, 2003, cannot elect to be excluded from such coverage. Members who were already in Congress when Social Security coverage went into effect could either remain in CSRS or change their coverage to FERS. Members are now covered under one of four different retirement arrangements:\nCSRS and Social Security;\nThe \u201cCSRS Offset\u201d plan, which includes both CSRS and Social Security, but with CSRS contributions and benefits reduced by Social Security contributions and benefits;\nFERS, which includes the FERS basic retirement annuity, Social Security, and Thrift Savings Plan (TSP); or\nSocial Security alone.\nCongressional pensions, like those of other federal employees, are financed through a combination of employee and employer contributions. All Members pay Social Security payroll taxes equal to 6.2% of the Social Security taxable wage base ($132,900 in 2019). Members first covered by FERS prior to 2013 also pay 1.3% of full salary to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund (CSRDF). Members of Congress first covered by FERS in 2013 contribute 3.1% of pay to the CSRDF. Members of Congress first covered by FERS after 2013 contribute 4.4% of pay to the CSRDF. Members covered by CSRS Offset pay 1.8% of the first $132,900 of salary in 2019, and 8.0% of salary above this amount, into the CSRDF.\nUnder both CSRS and FERS, Members of Congress are eligible for a pension at the age of 62 if they have completed at least five years of service. Members are eligible for a pension at age 50 if they have completed 20 years of service, or at any age after completing 25 years of service. The amount of the pension depends on length of service (as measured in months) and the average of the highest three years of salary. By law, the starting amount of a Member\u2019s retirement annuity may not exceed 80% of his or her final salary.\nThere were 617 retired Members of Congress receiving federal pensions based fully or in part on their congressional service as of October 1, 2018. Of this number, 318 had retired under CSRS and were receiving an average annual pension of $75,528. A total of 299 Members had retired with service under FERS and were receiving an average annual pension of $41,208 in 2018.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30631", "sha1": "dff4ba0f98b75411289698df475118d46b8fb0af", "filename": "files/20190808_RL30631_dff4ba0f98b75411289698df475118d46b8fb0af.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30631", "sha1": "ce87fc19cc1592f38db7857505ef16b6676584ed", "filename": "files/20190808_RL30631_ce87fc19cc1592f38db7857505ef16b6676584ed.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4869, "name": "Pensions & IRAs" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 585794, "date": "2017-12-05", "retrieved": "2019-04-18T15:13:14.316477", "title": "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress", "summary": "Prior to 1984, neither federal civil service employees nor Members of Congress paid Social Security taxes, nor were they eligible for Social Security benefits. Members of Congress and other federal employees were instead covered by a separate pension plan called the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). The 1983 amendments to the Social Security Act (P.L. 98-21) required federal employees first hired after 1983 to participate in Social Security. These amendments also required all Members of Congress to participate in Social Security as of January 1, 1984, regardless of when they first entered Congress. Because CSRS was not designed to coordinate with Social Security, Congress directed the development of a new retirement plan for federal workers. The result was the Federal Employees\u2019 Retirement System Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-335).\nMembers of Congress first elected in 1984 or later are covered automatically under the Federal Employees\u2019 Retirement System (FERS). All Senators and those Representatives serving as Members prior to September 30, 2003, may decline this coverage. Representatives entering office on or after September 30, 2003, cannot elect to be excluded from such coverage. Members who were already in Congress when Social Security coverage went into effect could either remain in CSRS or change their coverage to FERS. Members are now covered under one of four different retirement arrangements:\nCSRS and Social Security;\nThe \u201cCSRS Offset\u201d plan, which includes both CSRS and Social Security, but with CSRS contributions and benefits reduced by Social Security contributions and benefits;\nFERS; or\nSocial Security alone.\nCongressional pensions, like those of other federal employees, are financed through a combination of employee and employer contributions. All Members pay Social Security payroll taxes equal to 6.2% of the Social Security taxable wage base ($128,400 in 2018). Members first covered by FERS prior to 2013 also pay 1.3% of full salary to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund (CSRDF). Members of Congress first covered by FERS in 2013 contribute 3.1% of pay to the CSRDF. Members of Congress first covered by FERS after 2013 contribute 4.4% of pay to the CSRDF. Members covered by CSRS Offset pay 1.8% of the first $128,400 of salary in 2018, and 8.0% of salary above this amount, into the CSRDF.\nUnder both CSRS and FERS, Members of Congress are eligible for a pension at the age of 62 if they have completed at least five years of service. Members are eligible for a pension at age 50 if they have completed 20 years of service, or at any age after completing 25 years of service. The amount of the pension depends on years of service and the average of the highest three years of salary. By law, the starting amount of a Member\u2019s retirement annuity may not exceed 80% of his or her final salary.\nThere were 611 retired Members of Congress receiving federal pensions based fully or in part on their congressional service as of October 1, 2016. Of this number, 335 had retired under CSRS and were receiving an average annual pension of $74,028. A total of 276 Members had retired with service under FERS and were receiving an average annual pension of $41,076 in 2016.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30631", "sha1": "f4b3921acd9420a65785cb20409e51f2770c3c17", "filename": "files/20171205_RL30631_f4b3921acd9420a65785cb20409e51f2770c3c17.html", "images": {} }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "https://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30631", "sha1": "f74309451d86bd883102f6db3b6f77ce36f1ea6c", "filename": "files/20171205_RL30631_f74309451d86bd883102f6db3b6f77ce36f1ea6c.pdf", "images": {} } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4869, "name": "Pensions & IRAs" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 457067, "date": "2016-11-10", "retrieved": "2016-11-21T15:08:10.030394", "title": "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress", "summary": "Prior to 1984, neither federal civil service employees nor Members of Congress paid Social Security taxes, nor were they eligible for Social Security benefits. Members of Congress and other federal employees were instead covered by a separate pension plan called the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). The 1983 amendments to the Social Security Act (P.L. 98-21) required federal employees first hired after 1983 to participate in Social Security. These amendments also required all Members of Congress to participate in Social Security as of January 1, 1984, regardless of when they first entered Congress. Because CSRS was not designed to coordinate with Social Security, Congress directed the development of a new retirement plan for federal workers. The result was the Federal Employees\u2019 Retirement System Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-335).\nMembers of Congress first elected in 1984 or later are covered automatically under the Federal Employees\u2019 Retirement System (FERS). All Senators and those Representatives serving as Members prior to September 30, 2003, may decline this coverage. Representatives entering office on or after September 30, 2003, cannot elect to be excluded from such coverage. Members who were already in Congress when Social Security coverage went into effect could either remain in CSRS or change their coverage to FERS. Members are now covered under one of four different retirement arrangements:\nCSRS and Social Security;\nThe \u201cCSRS Offset\u201d plan, which includes both CSRS and Social Security, but with CSRS contributions and benefits reduced by Social Security contributions and benefits;\nFERS; or\nSocial Security alone.\nCongressional pensions, like those of other federal employees, are financed through a combination of employee and employer contributions. All Members pay Social Security payroll taxes equal to 6.2% of the Social Security taxable wage base ($118,500 in 2016 and $127,200 in 2017). Members first covered by FERS prior to 2013 also pay 1.3% of full salary to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund (CSRDF). Members of Congress first covered by FERS in 2013 contribute 3.1% of pay to the CSRDF. Members of Congress first covered by FERS after 2013 contribute 4.4% of pay to the CSRDF. In 2014, Members covered by CSRS Offset pay 1.8% of the first $118,500 of salary in 2016 ($127,200 in 2017), and 8.0% of salary above this amount, into the CSRDF.\nUnder both CSRS and FERS, Members of Congress are eligible for a pension at the age of 62 if they have completed at least five years of service. Members are eligible for a pension at age 50 if they have completed 20 years of service, or at any age after completing 25 years of service. The amount of the pension depends on years of service and the average of the highest three years of salary. By law, the starting amount of a Member\u2019s retirement annuity may not exceed 80% of his or her final salary.\nThere were 620 retired Members of Congress receiving federal pensions based fully or in part on their congressional service as of October 1, 2015. Of this number, 344 had retired under CSRS and were receiving an average annual pension of $74,136. A total of 276 Members had retired with service under FERS and were receiving an average annual pension of $41,316 in 2015.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30631", "sha1": "b0e93b49211578b8805632cb96d970cee9a6f1f8", "filename": "files/20161110_RL30631_b0e93b49211578b8805632cb96d970cee9a6f1f8.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30631", "sha1": "2f0009e3ce3f026421b94d94b56bef6814193c57", "filename": "files/20161110_RL30631_2f0009e3ce3f026421b94d94b56bef6814193c57.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4751, "name": "Federal Workforce" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4777, "name": "Congressional Operations, Leadership, & Funding" }, { "source": "IBCList", "id": 4869, "name": "Pensions & IRAs" } ] }, { "source": "EveryCRSReport.com", "id": 443591, "date": "2015-07-31", "retrieved": "2016-04-06T18:41:28.585659", "title": "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress", "summary": "Prior to 1984, neither federal civil service employees nor Members of Congress paid Social Security taxes, nor were they eligible for Social Security benefits. Members of Congress and other federal employees were instead covered by a separate pension plan called the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS). The 1983 amendments to the Social Security Act (P.L. 98-21) required federal employees first hired after 1983 to participate in Social Security. These amendments also required all Members of Congress to participate in Social Security as of January 1, 1984, regardless of when they first entered Congress. Because CSRS was not designed to coordinate with Social Security, Congress directed the development of a new retirement plan for federal workers. The result was the Federal Employees\u2019 Retirement System Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-335).\nMembers of Congress first elected in 1984 or later are covered automatically under the Federal Employees\u2019 Retirement System (FERS). All Senators and those Representatives serving as Members prior to September 30, 2003, may decline this coverage. Representatives entering office on or after September 30, 2003, cannot elect to be excluded from such coverage. Members who were already in Congress when Social Security coverage went into effect could either remain in CSRS or change their coverage to FERS. Members are now covered under one of four different retirement arrangements:\nCSRS and Social Security;\nThe \u201cCSRS Offset\u201d plan, which includes both CSRS and Social Security, but with CSRS contributions and benefits reduced by Social Security contributions and benefits;\nFERS; or\nSocial Security alone.\nCongressional pensions, like those of other federal employees, are financed through a combination of employee and employer contributions. All Members pay Social Security payroll taxes equal to 6.2% of the Social Security taxable wage base ($118,500 in 2015). Members first covered by FERS prior to 2013 also pay 1.3% of full salary to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund (CSRDF). Members of Congress first covered by FERS in 2013 contribute 3.1% of pay to the CSRDF. Members of Congress first covered by FERS after 2013 contribute 4.4% of pay to the CSRDF. In 2014, Members covered by CSRS Offset pay 1.8% of the first $118,500 of salary, and 8.0% of salary above this amount, into the CSRDF.\nUnder both CSRS and FERS, Members of Congress are eligible for a pension at the age of 62 if they have completed at least five years of service. Members are eligible for a pension at age 50 if they have completed 20 years of service, or at any age after completing 25 years of service. The amount of the pension depends on years of service and the average of the highest three years of salary. By law, the starting amount of a Member\u2019s retirement annuity may not exceed 80% of his or her final salary.\nThere were 601 retired Members of Congress receiving federal pensions based fully or in part on their congressional service as of October 1, 2014. Of this number, 351 had retired under CSRS and were receiving an average annual pension of $72,660. A total of 250 Members had retired with service under FERS and were receiving an average annual pension of $41,652 in 2014.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORTS", "active": true, "formats": [ { "format": "HTML", "encoding": "utf-8", "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL30631", "sha1": "7d40cf1f1142836eb1cb326518498b4afe5270c3", "filename": "files/20150731_RL30631_7d40cf1f1142836eb1cb326518498b4afe5270c3.html", "images": null }, { "format": "PDF", "encoding": null, "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30631", "sha1": "a5797d89a00138fb00df4cb8666a74a4e0879961", "filename": "files/20150731_RL30631_a5797d89a00138fb00df4cb8666a74a4e0879961.pdf", "images": null } ], "topics": [ { "source": "IBCList", "id": 554, "name": "Federal Workforce: Human Resource Management" }, { "source": "CongOpsList", "id": 4158, "name": "Compensation and Benefits" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332915/", "id": "RL30631_2014Jun13", "date": "2014-04-13", "retrieved": "2014-08-27T12:47:05", "title": "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the Civil Service Retirement Act of 1920 (P.L. 66-215) that established a pension system for federal employees in the executive branch of government.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140413_RL30631_52165546274a7397abf4a2320e19e0ffc1da258c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140413_RL30631_52165546274a7397abf4a2320e19e0ffc1da258c.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Retirement", "name": "Retirement" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Retirement pensions", "name": "Retirement pensions" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Employee benefit plans", "name": "Employee benefit plans" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Social security", "name": "Social security" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Social security beneficiaries", "name": "Social security beneficiaries" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332971/", "id": "RL30631_2014Mar19", "date": "2014-03-19", "retrieved": "2014-08-27T12:47:05", "title": "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the Civil Service Retirement Act of 1920 (P.L. 66-215) that established a pension system for federal employees in the executive branch of government.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20140319_RL30631_38f918b9ae6da9991c9545eebeb028f8eb93b348.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20140319_RL30631_38f918b9ae6da9991c9545eebeb028f8eb93b348.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Retirement", "name": "Retirement" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Retirement pensions", "name": 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"source": "LIV", "id": "Retirement", "name": "Retirement" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Retirement pensions", "name": "Retirement pensions" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Employee benefit plans", "name": "Employee benefit plans" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Social security", "name": "Social security" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Social security beneficiaries", "name": "Social security beneficiaries" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc227962/", "id": "RL30631_2012Nov30", "date": "2012-11-30", "retrieved": "2013-11-05T18:07:05", "title": "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress", "summary": "Report that covers the logistics and background of the Congressional Pension program.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20121130_RL30631_44b1376f38523aa6e65e4498b85c105dcf7aa2cb.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", 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"University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc491426/", "id": "RL30631_2011Jan03", "date": "2011-01-03", "retrieved": "2015-01-27T19:40:46", "title": "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the Civil Service Retirement Act of 1920 (P.L. 66-215) that established a pension system for federal employees in the executive branch of government.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20110103_RL30631_7acc2ce51b519d7f4389f1d6a0625d09f3a4e98c.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20110103_RL30631_7acc2ce51b519d7f4389f1d6a0625d09f3a4e98c.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Employee benefit plans", "name": "Employee benefit plans" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Retirement", "name": "Retirement" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Retirement pensions", "name": "Retirement pensions" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Social security", "name": "Social security" }, { "source": "LIV", "id": "Social security beneficiaries", "name": "Social security beneficiaries" } ] }, { "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department", "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc795669/", "id": "RL30631_2008Oct28", "date": "2008-10-28", "retrieved": "2016-01-13T14:26:20", "title": "Retirement Benefits for Members of Congress", "summary": "This report discusses the Civil Service Retirement Act of 1920 (P.L. 66-215) that established a pension system for federal employees in the executive branch of government.", "type": "CRS Report", "typeId": "REPORT", "active": false, "formats": [ { "format": "PDF", "filename": "files/20081028_RL30631_a5628522db824ecacc21b14721f4695be84d7e93.pdf" }, { "format": "HTML", "filename": "files/20081028_RL30631_a5628522db824ecacc21b14721f4695be84d7e93.html" } ], "topics": [ { "source": "LIV", "id": "Retirement", 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