{
  "id": "RL30662",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL30662",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 104502,
      "date": "2001-10-04",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:20:15.558941",
      "title": "Embassy Security: Background, Funding, and the Budget",
      "summary": "The September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon led to the\nclosing the following day of 50 of the nearly 260 U.S. embassies and consulates worldwide. A week\nlater, however, all U.S. facilities were open for business. Additionally, three embassies -- in Pakistan,\nYemen, and Turkmenistan -- allowed for voluntary evacuations immediately after the attack. In the\nmonths prior to the attack, travel warnings were issued and embassies were put on high alert as\nOsama bin Laden had issued vague, but credible, threats against Americans and American interests\naround the world.\n  Earlier this year, Secretary of State Colin Powell had testified before Congress that embassy\nsecurity is among his highest priorities. He made the case that the U.S. government owes State\nDepartment personnel on the front lines of diplomacy the same high level of tools and security given\nto our military on the front lines. The Administration requested a total of $1.3 billion for embassy\nsecurity and worldwide security upgrades for FY2002. The House concurred; the Senate passed a\ntotal of $1.07 billion.\n  Throughout the summer 2001, the United States received credible threats against American\nembassies and tourists overseas. The Department of State responded by issuing a worldwide travel\nwarning to American citizens and cancelling Independence Day celebrations at American overseas\nfacilities. \n  In June 2000 the U.S. Embassy in Amman, Jordan was put on full alert after receiving \"credible\nevidence\" that Osama bin Laden followers were planning to attack it. Additionally, the Department\nof State advised American travelers to be mindful of the August 7th anniversary of the bombing of\nU.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. Then, in September 2000, terrorists attacked the U.S.S. Cole\nNavy destroyer. \n  The August 7, 1998 terrorist attacks on U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania resulted in a\nnumber of actions by the Administration and Congress. With evidence that bin Laden was involved\nin the attacks, the Administration, on July 4, 1999, imposed sanctions on the Taliban government\nbecause it refused to cooperate in his arrest. In October 1999, the U.N. Security Council imposed\nlimited sanctions on the Taliban, and in August 2000 both the United States and Russia agreed to\nwork together to tighten the sanctions. \n  Embassy security budget ramifications of the 1998 bombings continue. In November 1999,\nCongress expanded  authority   for State's FY2000 through FY2004 expenditures\non overseas\nsecurity within the  Embassy Security, Construction and Maintenance (ESCM) account \nto $900\nmillion annually, in addition to security funds in the  Diplomatic and Consular Programs\naccount\n(D&CP)  for FY2000-FY2004 ( P.L. 106-113 ).",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Intelligence and National Security"
  ]
}