{
  "id": "RL30883",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL30883",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 100323,
      "date": "2002-05-29",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:09:51.866941",
      "title": "Africa: Scaling Up the Response To the HIV/AIDS Pandemic",
      "summary": "Sub-Saharan Africa's AIDS pandemic continues to spread -- an estimated 3.4 million people\nwere\nnewly infected by HIV in 2001. International resources for combating the pandemic are increasing,\nand there is continuing interest in proposals for a further \"scaling-up.\" In December 2001, the\nHouse passed the Global Access to HIV/AIDS Prevention, Awareness, and Treatment Act\n( H.R. 2069 ), finding that the African pandemic has become a national security and\ndevelopment crisis and authorizing increased funding.\n  AIDS experts see three dimensions to the effort to curb the spread of HIV/AIDS and reduce the\ndeath toll: prevention, care, and treatment. They estimate that by 2005, Africa could effectively\nabsorb about $4.6 billion in the struggle against the pandemic and that about $3 billion would have\nto be provided by donors. Donor contributions were estimated at several hundred million dollars in\n2001, and whether they will be providing $3 billion annually by 2005 remains to be seen. \n  Nonetheless, HIV/AIDS assistance from the United States and other donors has been\n increasing. \nU.S. bilateral spending on African AIDS programs is expected to rise from $238 million in FY2001\nto $292 million in FY2002. The United States has pledged $500 million to the Global Fund to Fight\nAIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria, which announced its first grants in April 2002. About 52% of the\n$378 million to be initially disbursed will go to Africa. The scale of future increases in U.S.\nspending is unclear; but several bills that would boost the U.S. contribution are currently before\nCongress.\n  The focus in the struggle against AIDS in Africa to date has been on prevention -- only an\nestimated 25,000 to 30,000 African AIDS patients are currently receiving treatment with the\nantiretroviral drugs that have sharply reduced the AIDS death toll in developed countries. AIDS\nexperts favor a continued scaling up of prevention measures, including media campaigns,\nschool-based programs, and condom distribution. At the same time, there is strong support for\nexpanding the availability of antiretrovirals to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV during\nbirth.\n  Beyond prevention, many advocates want to enhance home-based care for AIDS patients and\ntheir families and sharply expand programs to care for Africa's burgeoning population of orphans. \nMany also believe that antiretroviral treatment must be made much more widely available, both on\nmoral grounds and because it can stem the loss of adults in their most productive years. \n  In addition to governments, non-governmental organizations, foundations, and the private\n sector\nare expanding their involvement in the campaign against AIDS in Africa. Community and\nfaith-based organizations are playing key roles in caring for those affected by AIDS, including\norphans and vulnerable children. U.S. government agencies, meanwhile, have undertaken steps to\nenhance their policy making and coordination capabilities, although some observers would like to\nsee additional efforts in this area.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL30883",
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "African Affairs",
    "Economic Policy",
    "Foreign Affairs"
  ]
}