{
  "id": "RL30886",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL30886",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 100325,
      "date": "2001-03-30",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:25:37.922941",
      "title": "Mexico's Counter-Narcotics Efforts under Zedillo and Fox, December 1994-March 2001",
      "summary": "This report provides information on Mexico's counter-narcotics efforts during the six year\npresidency of Ernesto Zedillo (December 1, 1994 to December 1, 2000) and a short period of the\npresidency of Vicente Fox (December 1, 2000, to March 1, 2001), with special emphasis on calendar\nyear 2000, covered by the State Department's report on international narcotics control.\n  Share of Traffic.  Mexico continued to be the transit point for about 50-65%\nof the cocaine\nentering the United States from South America in 2000, with the uncertain and varying estimates\nbeing similar to estimates in recent years. Mexico also continued to be a major source country for\nheroin, marijuana, and methamphetamine, and a major center for money laundering activities.\n  Control Efforts.  Seizures of cocaine by Mexico in 2000 were down 31% from\n1999, and down\n12% from the 1994-1999 average, which might be viewed as lagging performance. Seizures of\nopium were down from unusually high levels in 1999, but represented a 32% increase over the 1994-\n1999 average. Seizures of heroin were up slightly, while seizures of marijuana, methamphetamine,\nand drug labs were up significantly.  Arrests  were up slightly in 2000, to reach the\nhighest levels in\nthe last seven years except for 1996, but numerous instances of apparent corruption persist. Several\nimportant drug traffickers were arrested in 2000, including key members of the Arellano Feliz or\nTijuana cartel, Ismael \"El Mayel\" Higuera Guerrero (chief operations officer) and Jesus \"Chuy\"\nLabra Aviles (financial manager). While only one Mexican national was extradited to the United\nStates in 2000 on drug-related charges, a January 2001 ruling by the Mexican Supreme Court, and\nMexican Senate approval of the temporary surrender protocol are promising developments.\n Eradication  of opium and marijuana declined somewhat in 2000, but with fewer\nhectares of\ncultivation, the potential yield of opium declined markedly to a new record low, and the potential\nyield of marijuana was lower than four of the previous six years.\n  Cooperative Efforts.  U.S.-Mexico counter-narcotics cooperation continued\nat unprecedented\nlevels during the final years of the presidencies of Zedillo and Clinton, with the full range of law\nenforcement, military, border, and drug control agencies being involved. In the last two years the\ncountries agreed on measures to gauge the effectiveness of the joint anti-drug strategy, they\nestablished a new interdiction working group that led to significantly increased maritime interdiction\ncooperation, and they took various cooperative steps to control money laundering activities. They\nalso cooperated on U.N. and OAS anti-drug activities, including the development and first\napplication of the multilateral evaluation mechanism (MEM) of the Inter-American Drug Control\nCommission (CICAD) to assess the counter-narcotics performance of all member countries. \nFollowing elections in both countries, Presidents Fox and Bush met in Mexico in mid-February\n2001, and agreed to strengthen law enforcement and counter-narcotics cooperation between the\ncountries.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
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}