{
  "id": "RL31292",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL31292",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 101116,
      "date": "2003-05-27",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-08T14:44:11.402544",
      "title": "Intelligence to Counter Terrorism: Issues for Congress",
      "summary": "For well over a decade international terrorism has been a major concern of the U.S. Intelligence\nCommunity. Collection assets of all kinds have long been focused on Al Qaeda and other terrorist\ngroups. Intensive analytical expertise has been devoted to determining such groups' memberships,\nlocations, and plans. Intelligence agencies had been acutely aware of the danger for years. In\nFebruary 2001, Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) George Tenet publicly testified to Congress\nthat \"the threat from terrorism is real, it is immediate, and it is evolving.\" Furthermore, \"[Osama]\nbin Ladin and his global network of lieutenants and associates remain the most immediate and\nserious threat.\" \n  Nevertheless, the Intelligence Community gave no specific warning of the September 11, 2001\nattacks. Although all observers grant that terrorist groups are very difficult targets and that\nundetected movements of small numbers of their members in an open society cannot realistically be\nprevented, serious questions remain. An extensive investigation by the two intelligence committees\nof the September 11 attacks was undertaken in 2002. Although the final report is not yet public, the\ncommittee members found that the Intelligence Community, prior to 9/11, was neither well\norganized nor equipped to meet the challenge posed by global terrorists focused on targets within\nthe U.S. A separate independent commission was established in early 2003 to take another look at\nthe events preceding September 11.\n  Counterterrorism is highly dependent upon human intelligence (humint), the use of agents to\nacquire information (and, in certain circumstances, to carry out covert actions). Humint is one of\nthe least expensive intelligence disciplines, but it can be the most difficult and is undoubtedly the\nmost dangerous for practitioners. Mistakes can be fatal, embarrass the whole country, and\nundermine important policy goals. Congress makes decisions regarding the extent to which the\nimportance of humint outweighs the inherent risks.\n  Countering terrorism requires close cooperation between law enforcement and intelligence\nagencies; some terrorists will need to be brought to justice in courts, but others are dealt with by\nmilitary forces or covert actions. In recent years, important steps have been taken to encourage\ncloser cooperation between the two communities, but some believe terrorist acts may have been\nfacilitated by continuing poor information exchanges between intelligence and law enforcement\nagencies and by blurred lines of organizational responsibility. Congress will oversee the\nimplementation of the evolving relationship that affects important principles of law and\nadministration, and may choose to modify the roles and missions of intelligence and law enforcement\nagencies.\n  Military operations to counter terrorism are dependent on the availability of precise, real-time\nintelligence to support bombing campaigns using precision guided munitions. The linkage between\nsensor and \"shooters\" will be crucial as will access to global geospatial databases. As defense\ntransformation progresses, Congress will also oversee the development of increased intelligence\nsupport to military operations including, especially, counterterrorist missions.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL31292",
          "sha1": "1f244bb07706ea08854e889e8e7da5c22584e6c7",
          "filename": "files/20030527_RL31292_1f244bb07706ea08854e889e8e7da5c22584e6c7.html",
          "images": null
        },
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL31292",
          "sha1": "74377e6e5b1fe13562b03015629c54a4134e5d56",
          "filename": "files/20030527_RL31292_74377e6e5b1fe13562b03015629c54a4134e5d56.pdf",
          "images": null
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2506/",
      "id": "RL31292 2002-12-23",
      "date": "2002-12-23",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-11T04:23:15",
      "title": "Intelligence to Counter Terrorism: Issues for Congress",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20021223_RL31292_94c64849e0cb9e8506adc5e8f51308d01f6d8df2.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20021223_RL31292_94c64849e0cb9e8506adc5e8f51308d01f6d8df2.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Intelligence services",
          "name": "Intelligence services"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Counterterrorism",
          "name": "Counterterrorism"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Intelligence activities",
          "name": "Intelligence activities"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs2505/",
      "id": "RL31292 2002-02-21",
      "date": "2002-02-21",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-11T04:22:48",
      "title": "Intelligence to Counter Terrorism: Issues for Congress",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20020221_RL31292_b2403c05a5b122902647c2d620a960bfc04bf3ca.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20020221_RL31292_b2403c05a5b122902647c2d620a960bfc04bf3ca.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Defense policy",
          "name": "Defense policy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Intelligence services",
          "name": "Intelligence services"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Counterterrorism",
          "name": "Counterterrorism"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Intelligence activities",
          "name": "Intelligence activities"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}