{
  "id": "RL31446",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL31446",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 306593,
      "date": "2002-06-10",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:08:35.457941",
      "title": "Reorganizing the Executive Branch in the 20th Century: Landmark Commissions",
      "summary": "This report studies the work and results of a number of 20th century commissions and other\nsimilar\nbodies that have had executive organization and reorganization as central to their mandate. For\npurposes of this report, these reorganization exercises are referred to as \"landmark commissions.\"\n  Context for discussion of landmark commissions is provided by a review and analysis of six\ncrucial historical periods, such as the Progressive Era, in the evolution of the executive branch. The\nselected landmark commissions, beginning with the Keep Commission in 1905 and concluding with\nthe National Performance Review (1993-2000) are described and analyzed in chronological order.\n  Each commission and its work is founded on philosophical principles of management, some\nof which are made explicit while others have to be interpreted from texts and actions. The prevailing\nconsensus on organizational management principles changed considerably during the course of the\n20th century and these changing principles and assumptions are analyzed.\n  Highlighted is the current debate over which set of principles should form the basis for future\norganizational design and management in the executive branch. The debate, in its essence, is\nbetween those believing that the governmental and private sectors are distinctive in their\ncharacteristics, based on legal theory, and ought to kept separate (\"constitutionalists\"), and those who\nbelieve that the governmental and private sectors are essentially alike and ought to be organized and\nmanaged according to generic principles with an economic foundation (\"entrepreneurs\").\n  The report concludes with a discussion of the future, if any, for the landmark commission\napproach to organizational management in the executive branch.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL31446",
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          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL31446",
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      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "American Law",
    "Constitutional Questions",
    "Domestic Social Policy",
    "Foreign Affairs"
  ]
}