{
  "id": "RL31576",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL31576",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 101378,
      "date": "2002-09-19",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:04:37.660941",
      "title": "Federal Research and Development Organization, Policy, and Funding for Counterterrorism",
      "summary": "Before the September 11th terrorist attacks, experts questioned whether the government was\nprepared\nadequately to conduct and use research and development (R&D) to counter terrorism. They\ncited\ninadequate planning; conflicting information about agency funding; the absence of coordinated ways\nto set priorities and eliminate duplication; and the need to use research resources effectively. \nMechanisms have been established since then to set specific R&D priorities and to coordinate\ninteragency policy. The Office of Homeland Security (OHS), created by Executive Order 13228,\ndoes not list R&D among its major responsibilities, but R&D is a topic of one of the\ninteragency\nPolicy Coordination Committees attached to the Homeland Security Council (HSC), OHS's\ninteragency group. The director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) was not\nnamed to participate in OHS activities, but an OSTP staff member is filling the HSC interagency\nR&D policy coordination role. The President gave OSTP responsibilities for policies regarding\nforeign student visas, foreign enrollment in \"sensitive\" courses, and technology for immigration. \nThe National Science and Technology Council, an interagency body, staffed by OSTP, has five\nantiterrorism R&D working groups. \n  Proposals have been made to expand the interagency Technical Support Working Group and\nthe Defense Department's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, which have funded\ncounterterrorism R&D in the past. The House passed  H.R. 5005 , an amended version\nof legislation that the President sent to Congress to create a Department of Homeland Security\n(DHS) which would plan, fund, and coordinate some R&D.  S. 2452 , the Lieberman\nsubstitute agreed to by the Governmental Affairs Committee, would give broader R&D\nauthority to\na national homeland security department. Each proposal would create different kinds of units to\nanalyze and evaluate counterterrorism technologies before procurement and deployment and to\ncoordinate some federal counterterrorism R&D. The President's FY2003 counterterrorism\nR&D\nbudget request was $3 billion; the DHS envisioned in  H.R. 5005  would handle about\n17% of this, comprised of about $300 million of newly authorized R&D and between $200 to\n$300\nmillion of already authorized R&D to be transferred to the proposed department.\n  Bioterrorism R&D funding is managed largely by the Defense and Health and Human\n Services\ndepartments. Each agency has intra-agency coordination mechanisms, and formal interagency\ngroups have been established. The interagency President's Critical Infrastructure Board has\nresponsibility for information security R&D; OSTP was tasked to help it coordinate R&D\npriorities\nand the board was authorized to request federal agencies to fund priority R&D programs. \n  Among the issues to be considered in creating a new homeland security department with\n R&D\nresponsibilities are: which R&D areas should be transferred; can other related R&D be\ncoordinated\neffectively and without erecting barriers between the conduct of civilian and security-related\nR&D;\nand how should the existing counterterrorism R&D coordination mechanisms in OSTP, OHS\nand\nother departments be linked to a homeland security department with R&D responsibilities?",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL31576",
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      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Immigration Policy",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense",
    "Science and Technology Policy"
  ]
}