{
  "id": "RL31624",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL31624",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 101420,
      "date": "2003-03-28",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-08T14:49:31.076544",
      "title": "Pakistan-U.S. Anti-Terrorism Cooperation",
      "summary": "Pakistan is a key front-line ally in the U.S.-led anti-terrorism coalition. After September 2001,\nPakistani President Musharraf ended his government's ties with the Taliban regime of Afghanistan\nand has since cooperated with and contributed to U.S. efforts to track and capture remnants of Al\nQaeda and Taliban forces that have sought refuge inside Pakistani territory. Pakistan's cooperation\nhas been called \"crucial\" to past and ongoing U.S. successes in the region, but there is growing\nconcern that the bilateral relationship is fragile and may be undermined by potentially disruptive\ndevelopments in the areas of weapons proliferation, democracy-building, and Pakistan-India\nrelations. \n  Remaining proliferation- and democracy-related aid restrictions on Pakistan were removed in\nthe final months of 2001, and the United States continues to make large aid donations to Pakistan\nand to support that country's interests in negotiations with international financial institutions. There\nare concerns that October 2002 national elections in Pakistan were not sufficiently free and open by\nWestern standards and that the military-dominated government in Islamabad intends to remain in\npower through manipulation of constitutional and democratic processes. This possibility led some\nMembers of the 107th Congress to seek the renewal of aid restrictions or a modification of the\nPresident's waiver authority until such time that a more robust democratic process is sustained and\na civilian-led government effectively is in place. There also is concern that possibly growing\nanti-American sentiment in Pakistan and the potential \"re-Talibanization\" of that country's western \nprovinces bordering Afghanistan could adversely affect U.S. interests in the region.\n  During 2002, the United States took an increasingly direct, if low-profile, role in both law\nenforcement and military operations being conducted on Pakistani territory. These operations have\nled to favorable results in tracking and apprehending dangerous Islamic militants, but the activities\nof U.S. personnel in the country have led to increasing signs of anti-American backlash and Pakistani\nsovereignty concerns. Recent electoral gains by a coalition of Pakistani Islamist political parties are\nviewed as an expression of such sentiments that may lead to reduced Pakistan-U.S. cooperation in\ncounterterrorism operations in the future. The civilian Parliament and Prime Minister that were\nseated in Islamabad in November 2002 may powerfully influence the course and scope of future U.S.\npresence in the region.\n  This report reviews the status of Pakistan-U.S. anti-terrorism cooperation in the areas of law\nenforcement, intelligence, and military operations. U.S. arms transfers to and security cooperation\nwith Pakistan are also discussed. A following section addresses the major domestic repercussions\nof Pakistan-U.S. counterterrorism efforts, the ways in which such efforts are perceived by\nnewly-empowered Pakistan Islamists and their followers, and the possible effects these dynamics\nmay have on future Pakistan-U.S. cooperation in this realm. The final section assesses the overall\nstatus of Pakistan-U.S. anti-terrorism cooperation and key points of U.S. concern. Broader\ndiscussion of bilateral relations and relevant legislation is found in CRS Issue Brief IB94041,\n Pakistan-U.S. Relations . This report will be updated periodically.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
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      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Constitutional Questions",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}