{
  "id": "RL31696",
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      "id": 371743,
      "date": "2008-06-26",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T03:20:40.376728",
      "title": "North Korea: Economic Sanctions Prior to Removal from Terrorism Designation",
      "summary": "This paper explains the U.S. economic sanctions in place up to the point when North Korea was delisted as a state sponsor of acts of international terrorism.\nUntil June 2008, U.S. economic sanctions were imposed against North Korea for five primary reasons: (1) North Korea is seen as posing a threat to U.S. national security; (2) North Korea is designated by the Secretary of State as a state sponsor or supporter of international terrorism; (3) North Korea is a Marxist-Leninist state, with a Communist government; (4) North Korea has been found by the State Department to have engaged in proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; and (5) North Korea has been found by the President to have detonated a nuclear explosive device. The United States has also taken steps to isolate the Macau-based Banco Delta Asia for counterfeiting and money-laundering activities, actions North Korea has characterized as attacks against it. In accordance with U.S. law, the United States limits some trade, denies trade in dual-use goods and services, limits foreign aid, and opposes entry into or support from international financial institutions. At the President\u2019s discretion, North Korea would also be subject to the economic sanctions pursuant to the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998, under which the administration has identified North Korea as a \u201ccountry of particular concern\u201d since 2001, and pursuant to the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, under which the administration has classified North Korea in the category of most severe offender (Tier 3) since 2003.\nIn October 2002, after meetings between high-level U.S. and North Korean government officials, the United States reported that North Korea had confirmed suspicions that it had reactivated its nuclear weapons development program. An international crisis ensued, with North Korea expelling International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspectors and declaring that it would withdraw from the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Participants in the Korean Energy Development Organization (KEDO)\u2014including United States, Japan, South Korea and European Union\u2014in turn suspended shipments of fuel oil. KEDO also suspended construction of the light-water reactors, the completion of which had been planned for 2003. North Korea officially withdrew from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty on January 10, 2003 (effective three months hence), the first signatory country to do so.",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821395/",
      "id": "RL31696_2007Jan12",
      "date": "2007-01-12",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "North Korea: Economic Sanctions",
      "summary": "U.S. economic sanctions are imposed against North Korea for five primary reasons: (1) North Korea is seen as posing a threat to U.S. national security; (2) North Korea is designated by the Secretary of State as a state sponsor or supporter of international terrorism; (3) North Korea is a Marxist-Leninist state, with a Communist government; (4) North Korea has been found by the State Department to have engaged in proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; and (5) North Korea has been found by the President to have detonated a nuclear explosive device. This paper explains the U.S. economic sanctions currently in place, and summarizes recent events as they relate to the potential application of additional restrictions.",
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      "active": false,
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "International affairs",
          "name": "International affairs"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Trade",
          "name": "Trade"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Sanctions (International law)",
          "name": "Sanctions (International law)"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Economic policy",
          "name": "Economic policy"
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          "id": "Foreign policy",
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        {
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          "id": "Foreign economic relations -- U.S. -- North Korea",
          "name": "Foreign economic relations -- U.S. -- North Korea"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign economic relations -- North Korea -- U.S.",
          "name": "Foreign economic relations -- North Korea -- U.S."
        }
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc821730/",
      "id": "RL31696_2006Oct17",
      "date": "2006-10-17",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "North Korea: Economic Sanctions",
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      "active": false,
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7153/",
      "id": "RL31696 2005-06-16",
      "date": "2005-06-16",
      "retrieved": "2005-09-20T10:12:42",
      "title": "North Korea: Economic Sanctions",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
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          "id": "International affairs",
          "name": "International affairs"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign economic relations - North Korea - U.S.",
          "name": "Foreign economic relations - North Korea - U.S."
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign economic relations - U.S. - North Korea",
          "name": "Foreign economic relations - U.S. - North Korea"
        },
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          "id": "Sanctions (International law)",
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          "id": "Trade",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5083/",
      "id": "RL31696 2003-01-24",
      "date": "2003-01-24",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-11T22:18:20",
      "title": "North Korea: Economic Sanctions",
      "summary": null,
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "International affairs",
          "name": "International affairs"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign economic relations - North Korea - U.S.",
          "name": "Foreign economic relations - North Korea - U.S."
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign economic relations - U.S. - North Korea",
          "name": "Foreign economic relations - U.S. - North Korea"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Sanctions (International law)",
          "name": "Sanctions (International law)"
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Foreign policy",
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        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Trade",
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      ]
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  ],
  "topics": [
    "Economic Policy",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}