{
  "id": "RL31699",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL31699",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 101482,
      "date": "2003-01-16",
      "retrieved": "2016-05-24T20:00:16.102941",
      "title": "U.S. Bilateral Assistance to Russia: 1992-2002",
      "summary": "For more than ten years, the U.S. program of foreign assistance to Russia has supported three\naims\n--  security , by promoting nuclear and chemical weapons nonproliferation activities; \n stability , by\nsupporting a range of programs to create a democratic and economically prosperous Russia that\nwould be a cooperative member of the international community; and  humanitarian\nrelief , reflecting\ntraditional American values.\n  Since it was launched, the Russia foreign aid program has been subject to considerable\ncriticism. Some argued the amount of funding was too little, too late; others that too much money\nwas put into projects before the country was ready for reform. Critics protested that the money\nmostly went to American advisers, while others said it went to support a non-reformist government\nand the oligarches. \n  Although the program has had its problems, aid to Russia has resulted in a number of\nsignificant achievements. Hundreds of nuclear weapons delivery systems have been eliminated and\nthousands of scientists employed in peaceful work. Food aid has been provided to the needy. \nRussians have been exposed to new ideas concerning the workings of democracy and the free\nmarket, indigenous think tanks and civic organizations have been supported, and thousands of\nprivate business and grassroots activities have been funded.\n  The assistance program has changed over the decade in response to criticisms, new funding\npriorities, and changing circumstances within Russia. Security programs now account for two thirds\nof U.S. aid. Democratic reform efforts and exchanges are better funded than economic reform\nprojects.\n  Re-assessments of aspects of the aid program in 2001 have led to further changes. Projects to\nsupport stability aims are expected to emphasize entrepreneurs, civil society, and health. \nNonproliferation efforts will expand material control and accountability programs and scientist\ndemilitarization efforts. The Administration is reportedly planning to propose a large cut in the\nFY2004 budget for Russia stability aid.\n  For more detailed discussion of the aid program, see  CRS Report 96-261(pdf) ,  Russia and U.S.\nForeign Assistance: Current Issues  (March 1996),  CRS Report RL30112(pdf) ,  Russia's\nEconomic and\nPolitical Transition: U.S. Assistance and Issues for Congress  (May 1999), and  U.S.\nAssistance to\nthe Former Soviet Union 1991-2001: A History of Administration and Congressional Action \n(revised\nJanuary 2002). This report will not be updated.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
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          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL31699",
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          "images": null
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      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Economic Policy",
    "Foreign Affairs",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}