{
  "id": "RL31720",
  "type": "CRS Report",
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      "id": 342318,
      "date": "2007-03-07",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T18:20:46.145029",
      "title": "Energy Policy: Conceptual Framework and Continuing Issues",
      "summary": "Energy policy continues to be a major legislative issue, despite passage of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT, P.L. 109-58). Shortly after EPACT\u2019s enactment, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita temporarily shut down production of oil and gas and refining capacity in Texas and Louisiana. World and domestic demand for oil remained strong, and other factors have placed pressure on gasoline prices and deliverability in the United States.\nIn the face of these developments, and because the prospect that this episode of elevated prices is likely to be a long one, interest in energy policy remains high in the 110th Congress. When the United States experiences a period marked by sharp increases in the price for energy and concern about the adequacy of essential supplies, there is widespread concern that the nation has no energy policy. The nation has, in fact, adopted several distinct policy approaches over the years, and many of the debates have been about determining the appropriate extent of the federal government\u2019s role in energy.\nThere were episodes from 1973-2003 when oil prices spiked, but these were generally for comparatively brief periods; overall, the period was one of general price and supply stability. It isn\u2019t so much that energy policy failed to be adequately responsive to past crises; rather, during lengthy periods of stability and declining prices for conventional fuels, it has proven difficult to sustain certain policy courses that might help shield the nation from occasional episodes of instability. Because prices are now expected by some analysts to remain high, the prospect for certain longer-range energy policies may now be more favorable. Traditionally, the energy debate has been most vigorous over the balance to be struck between increasing supply and encouraging conservation. However, when markets are unstable, debate turns on another axis as well, that of short-term versus long-term policies.\nEnergy policy issues of continuing interest include Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards (CAFE) for passenger vehicles; improving U.S. energy infrastructure, including pipelines and refineries; seeking effective means to promote energy conservation using currently available technologies; and developing new technologies and alternative fuels.",
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc847762/",
      "id": "RL31720_2006Dec06",
      "date": "2006-12-06",
      "retrieved": "2016-06-02T05:26:07",
      "title": "Energy Policy: Conceptual Framework and Continuing Issues",
      "summary": "This report discusses major policy approaches, provides a conceptual framework for categorizing energy policy proposals, and briefly describes energy issues that remain current in the debate after the enactment of EPACT.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
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      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Energy",
          "name": "Energy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Energy law and legislation",
          "name": "Energy law and legislation"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Petroleum",
          "name": "Petroleum"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Natural gas",
          "name": "Natural gas"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs10448/",
      "id": "RL31720_2006May11",
      "date": "2006-05-11",
      "retrieved": "2008-12-11T20:26:18",
      "title": "Energy Policy: Conceptual Framework and Continuing Issues",
      "summary": "In the spring of 2006, crude oil prices were exceeding $70/barrel (bbl) in response to tight markets and uncertainty over the security of world oil supply. A number of developments have placed additional pressure on world markets, including Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (in late August and late September 2005), the phaseout of the gasoline additive methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) and a renewable fuels mandate, and a continuing high and worldwide demand for oil. Energy policy issues for continuing interest include opening up the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) for leasing; Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards (CAFE) for passenger vehicles; improving U.S. energy infrastructure, including pipelines and refineries; seeking effective means to promote energy conservation using currently available technologies, and developing new technologies and alternative fuels.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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      "topics": [
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          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Energy",
          "name": "Energy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Energy law and legislation",
          "name": "Energy law and legislation"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc811338/",
      "id": "RL31720_2006Jan18",
      "date": "2006-01-18",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Energy Policy: Conceptual Framework and Continuing Issues",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs7840/",
      "id": "RL31720 2004-12-21",
      "date": "2004-12-21",
      "retrieved": "2005-12-21T16:09:14",
      "title": "Energy Policy: Historical Overview, Conceptual Framework, and Continuing Issues",
      "summary": "Energy policy issues of continuing interest include whether or not to open up the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) for leasing; settlement upon a pipeline route to allow production of Alaskan natural gas; access to public lands for energy exploration and development; restructuring of the electric utility industry to encourage competition and consumer choice; raising corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards for motor vehicles; seeking effective means to promote energy conservation using currently available technologies; and development of new technologies and alternative fuels. This report discusses those major policy approaches, provides a conceptual framework for categorizing energy policy proposals, and briefly describes issues that remain current in the debates over energy policy.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
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      "active": false,
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      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Energy",
          "name": "Energy"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Energy law and legislation",
          "name": "Energy law and legislation"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Energy policy",
          "name": "Energy policy"
        }
      ]
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    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc810808/",
      "id": "RL31720_2003Jan30",
      "date": "2003-01-30",
      "retrieved": "2016-03-19T13:57:26",
      "title": "Energy Policy: Historical Overview, Conceptual Framework, and Continuing Issues",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
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      ],
      "topics": []
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Energy Policy"
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}