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      "date": "2004-12-20",
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      "title": "Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues for the 108th Congress",
      "summary": "The Latin American and Caribbean region has made enormous strides over the past two decades\nin\npolitical development, with all countries but Cuba having regular free and fair elections for head of\nstate. But several nations have faced considerable challenges that have threatened political stability,\nincluding economic decline and rising poverty, violent guerrilla conflicts, drug trafficking, and\nincreasing crime. \n  Bush Administration officials maintain that U.S. policy toward Latin America has three\noverarching goals: strengthening security; promoting democracy and good governance; and\nstimulating economic development. Some observers argue that the Administration has not been\npaying enough attention to the region and to instability in several countries. They maintain that the\nUnited States, faced with other pressing foreign policy problems like the war in Iraq and the global\nanti-terrorist campaign, has fallen back to a policy of benign neglect of the region. In contrast, others\nmaintain that the United States has an active policy toward Latin America and point to the\nconsiderable assistance and support provided to Colombia and its neighbors as they combat drug\ntrafficking and terrorist groups. They also point to the momentum toward free trade in the region\nthrough negotiation of numerous free trade agreements, and to increased bilateral and regional\ncooperation on security issues.\n  Congressional attention to Latin America in the 108th Congress continued to focus on\ncounter-narcotics and counter-terrorism efforts in the Andean region, trade issues, and potential\nthreats to democracy and stability. U.S. counter-narcotics efforts focused on continuation of the\nAndean Counterdrug Initiative supporting Colombia and its neighbors in their struggle against drug\ntrafficking and drug-financed terrorist groups. With regard to trade, Congress approved\nimplementing legislation for a bilateral free trade agreement with Chile in July 2003; the United\nStates signed a combined U.S.-Dominican Republic-Central America Free Trade Agreement\n(DR-CAFTA) on August 5, 2004, but Congress did not consider implementing legislation before the\nend of the 108th Congress. Congress also paid increased attention to economic, social, and political\ntensions in South America that threatened democratic order, particularly in the Andean region. In\nthe Caribbean, Haiti's persistent poverty and political instability remained a congressional concern,\nas did assistance to Haiti and other Caribbean nations in the aftermath of devastating damage\nincurred by hurricanes and storms in 2004. Congress also continued to debate the appropriate U.S.\npolicy approach to Cuba, the region's only holdout to democracy, as it did for the past several years. \nFinally, Congress maintained an active interest in neighboring Mexico, with a myriad of trade,\nmigration, border and drug trafficking issues dominating bilateral relations.\n  This report examines issues in U.S. policy toward Latin America and the Caribbean in the 108th\nCongress. It reflects final actions of the 108th Congress and will not be updated. For more details\nand discussion, see the listed CRS products after each section.",
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