{
  "id": "RL31741",
  "type": "CRS Report",
  "typeId": "REPORTS",
  "number": "RL31741",
  "active": false,
  "source": "EveryCRSReport.com, University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
  "versions": [
    {
      "source": "EveryCRSReport.com",
      "id": 312523,
      "date": "2006-02-16",
      "retrieved": "2016-04-07T19:12:42.395029",
      "title": "Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles",
      "summary": "Recent events have focused attention on the threat that terrorists with shoulder fired\nsurface-to-air\nmissiles (SAMs), referred to as Man-Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS), pose to\ncommercial airliners. Most believe that no single solution exists to effectively mitigate this threat. \nInstead, a menu of options may be considered, including installing infrared (IR) countermeasures on\naircraft; modifying flight operations and air traffic control procedures; improving airport and regional\nsecurity; and strengthening missile non-proliferation efforts. Equipping aircraft with missile\ncountermeasure systems can protect the aircraft even when operating in areas where ground-based\nsecurity measures are unavailable or infeasible to implement. However, this option has a relatively\nhigh cost, between $1 million and $3 million per aircraft, and the time needed for implementation\ndoes not allow for immediate response to the existing terrorist threat. Procedural improvements such\nas specific flight crew training, altering air traffic procedures to minimize exposure to the threat, and \nimproved security near airports may be less costly than countermeasures and could more\nimmediately help deter domestic terrorist attacks. However, these techniques by themselves cannot\ncompletely mitigate the risk of domestic attacks and would not protect U.S. airliners flying to and\nfrom foreign airports. \n Legislation introduced in the 108th Congress called for the installation of missile defense\nsystems in all turbojet aircraft used in scheduled air carrier service. Homeland Security\nappropriations designated $60 million in FY2004, $61 million in FY2005, and $110 million in\nFY2006 to fund a program to develop and test prototype missile countermeasure systems for\ncommercial aircraft based on existing military technology. It is anticipated that at the conclusion of\nthis program, the Department of Homeland Security will be able to provide a detailed analysis of the\nsuitability of such systems for use to protect commercial passenger aircraft. \n This report will be updated as needed.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORTS",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "encoding": "utf-8",
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/RL31741",
          "sha1": "6b5f7b6e01afb871745de8964f61dfc5f10541dd",
          "filename": "files/20060216_RL31741_6b5f7b6e01afb871745de8964f61dfc5f10541dd.html",
          "images": null
        },
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "encoding": null,
          "url": "http://www.crs.gov/Reports/pdf/RL31741",
          "sha1": "54a1601572bcec26fbaba13bad15c9379c78e865",
          "filename": "files/20060216_RL31741_54a1601572bcec26fbaba13bad15c9379c78e865.pdf",
          "images": null
        }
      ],
      "topics": []
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs8539/",
      "id": "RL31741_2005Feb15",
      "date": "2005-02-15",
      "retrieved": "2006-04-19T08:31:55",
      "title": "Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles",
      "summary": "Recent events have focused attention on the threat that terrorists with shoulder fired surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), referred to as Man-Portable Air Defense Systems (MANPADS), pose to commercial airliners. This report discusses SAMs and examines options for mitigating missile threats.",
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20050215_RL31741_a526ad4de7b4f976cf372d03adc8e5fda6708aa7.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20050215_RL31741_a526ad4de7b4f976cf372d03adc8e5fda6708aa7.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Transportation",
          "name": "Transportation"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Terrorism",
          "name": "Terrorism"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Commercial aircraft - Security measures",
          "name": "Commercial aircraft - Security measures"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Criminal justice",
          "name": "Criminal justice"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs6081/",
      "id": "RL31741 2004-10-22",
      "date": "2004-10-22",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-12T13:49:49",
      "title": "Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20041022_RL31741_60b8531811b2694fd4d827c7cbe8e624a1d95d66.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20041022_RL31741_60b8531811b2694fd4d827c7cbe8e624a1d95d66.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Transportation",
          "name": "Transportation"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Terrorism",
          "name": "Terrorism"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Commercial aircraft - Security measures",
          "name": "Commercial aircraft - Security measures"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Criminal justice",
          "name": "Criminal justice"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5619/",
      "id": "RL31741 2003-11-03",
      "date": "2003-11-03",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-12T13:48:55",
      "title": "Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20031103_RL31741_edec08423ba019f6fbc48ae6a6c42f8c9ad6343a.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20031103_RL31741_edec08423ba019f6fbc48ae6a6c42f8c9ad6343a.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Transportation",
          "name": "Transportation"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Terrorism",
          "name": "Terrorism"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Commercial aircraft - Security measures",
          "name": "Commercial aircraft - Security measures"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Criminal justice",
          "name": "Criminal justice"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5618/",
      "id": "RL31741 2003-03-25",
      "date": "2003-03-25",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-12T13:47:53",
      "title": "Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20030325_RL31741_8f513257723b6deff94f8db12d3a9266d1e14d95.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20030325_RL31741_8f513257723b6deff94f8db12d3a9266d1e14d95.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Transportation",
          "name": "Transportation"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Terrorism",
          "name": "Terrorism"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Commercial aircraft - Security measures",
          "name": "Commercial aircraft - Security measures"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Criminal justice",
          "name": "Criminal justice"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "source": "University of North Texas Libraries Government Documents Department",
      "sourceLink": "https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metacrs5617/",
      "id": "RL31741 2003-02-12",
      "date": "2003-02-12",
      "retrieved": "2005-06-12T13:46:59",
      "title": "Homeland Security: Protecting Airliners from Terrorist Missiles",
      "summary": null,
      "type": "CRS Report",
      "typeId": "REPORT",
      "active": false,
      "formats": [
        {
          "format": "PDF",
          "filename": "files/20030212_RL31741_239b7f846bbff9979975b9298f0f0ee1b7a5ca6f.pdf"
        },
        {
          "format": "HTML",
          "filename": "files/20030212_RL31741_239b7f846bbff9979975b9298f0f0ee1b7a5ca6f.html"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Transportation",
          "name": "Transportation"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Terrorism",
          "name": "Terrorism"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Commercial aircraft - Security measures",
          "name": "Commercial aircraft - Security measures"
        },
        {
          "source": "LIV",
          "id": "Criminal justice",
          "name": "Criminal justice"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "topics": [
    "Appropriations",
    "Intelligence and National Security",
    "National Defense"
  ]
}